Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Allgemeine Grundlagen und Neuigkeiten der Allergologie

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Allergieprävention

Zusammenfassung

Die Sensibilisierung erfolgt nach Kontakt mit Allergenen über Schleimhäute oder die Haut, die die Epithelzellen von Prädisponierten zur Ausschüttung von IL-33, IL-25 und TSLP stimulieren (s. ◘ Abb. 3.1). Diese epithelialen Zellzytokine bewirken, dass die lokalen dendritischen Zellen mobilisiert werden, die Allergene erkennen, sie aufnehmen, in Untereinheiten zerlegen und prozessieren sowie damit zu den lokalen Lymphknoten wandern, wo die Sensibilisierung beginnt. Dort stimulieren sie naive CD4+-T-Zellen (Th0) zur Differenzierung von IL-4-kompetenten T-Zellen, die einerseits zu den B-Zellzonen innerhalb des Lymphknotens migrieren und sich dort zu T-follikulären Helper (T-FH)-Zellen entwickeln (Locksley 2010).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Literatur

  • Adeniyi FB, Young T (2012) Weight loss interventions for chronic asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 7:CD009339. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009339.pub2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allen JE, Maizels RM (2011) Diversity and dialogue in immunity to helminths. Nat Rev Immunol 11:375–388

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Allen JE, Wynn TA (2011) Evolution of Th2 immunity: a rapid repair response to tissue destructive pathogens. PLoS Pathog 7(5):e1.002.003

    Google Scholar 

  • Asano M, Toda M, Sakaguchi N, Sakaguchi S (1996) Autoimmune disease as a consequence of developmental abnormality of a T cell subpopulation. J Exp Med 184:387–396

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Atmar RL et al (1998) Respiratory tract viral infections in inner city asthmatic adults. Arch Intern Med 158:2453–2459

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aujla SJ (2008) IL-22 mediates mucosal host defense against Gram-negative bacterial pneumonia. Nat Med 14:275–281

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bachert C, Wagenmann M, Hauser U, Rudack C (1997) IL-5 synthesis is upregulated in human nasal polyp tissue. J Allergy Clin Immunol 99:837–842

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bara I, Ozier A, Tunon de Lara JM, Marthan R, Berger P (2010) Pathophysiology of bronchial smooth muscle remodelling in asthma. Eur Respir J 36:1174–1184

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beale J et al (2014) Rhinovirus-induced IL-25 in asthma exacerbation drives type 2 immunity and allergic pulmonary inflammation. Sci Transl Med 6:256ra134

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Berges-Gimeno MP et al (2003) Long-term treatment with aspirin desensitization in asthmatic patients with aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 111:180–186

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bernink JH, Peters CP, Munneke M, te Velde AA, Meijer SL, Weijer K, Hreggvidsdottir HS, Heinsbroek SE, Legrand N, Buskens CJ et al (2013) Human type 1 innate lymphoid cells accumulate in inflamed mucosal tissues. Nat Immunol 14:221–299

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beuther DA, Sutherland ER (2007) Overweight, obesity, and incident asthma: a meta-analysis of prospective epidemiologic studies. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 175:661–666

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Boulet LP (2013) Asthma and obesity. Clin Exp Allergy 1:8–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Boulet LP, Turcotte H, Martin J, Poirier P (2012) Effect of bariatric surgery on airway response and lung function in obese subjects with asthma. Respir Med 106:651–660

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buchheit KM et al (2016) Update on the management of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. Allergy, Asthma Immunol Res 8(4):298–304

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Castro M et al (2010) Effectiveness and safety of bronchial thermoplasty in the treatment of severe asthma: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 181:116–124

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chang Y-J, Kim HY, Albacker LA, Baumgarth N, McKenzie AN, Smith DE, Dekruyff RH, Umetsu DT (2011) Innate lymphoid cells mediate influenza-induced airway hyper-reactivity independently of adaptive immunity. Nat Immunol 12:631–638

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chen VL, Kasper DL (2014) Interactions between the intestinal microbiota and innate lymphoid cells. Gut Microbes 5(1):129–140

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Choy DF et al (2015) TH2 and TH17 inflammatory pathways are reciprocally regulated in asthma. Sci Transl Med 7(301):301ra129

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cox PG et al (2004) Radiofrequency ablation of airway smooth muscle for sustained treatment of asthma: preliminary investigations. Eur Respir J 24:659–663

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dykewicz MS (2009) Occupational asthma: current concepts in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. J Allergy Clin Immunol 123:519–552

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Earl CS et al (2015) The changing face of asthma and its relation with microbes. Trends Microbiol 23(7):408–418

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fahy JV (2015) Type 2 inflammation in asthma – present in most, absent in many. Nat Rev Immunol 15(1):57–65

    Google Scholar 

  • Fredberg JJ (2000) Airway smooth muscle in asthma. Perturbed equilibria of myosin binding. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 161:158–160

    Google Scholar 

  • Fulkerson PC et al (2006) Persistent effects induced by IL-13 in the lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 35:337–346

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ganal SC, Sanos SL, Kallfass C, Oberle K, Johner C, Kirschning C, Lienenklaus S, Weiss S, Staeheli P, Aichele P et al (2012) Priming of natural killer cells by nonmucosal mononuclear phagocytes requires instructive signals from commensal microbiota. Immunity 37:171–186

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gauvreau GM (2014) Effects of an anti-TSLP antibody on allergen-induced asthmatic responses. N Engl J Med 370:2102–2110. May 29;370(22):2102–2110

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gevaert P, Van Bruaene N, Cattaert T, Van Steen K, Van Zele T, Acke F et al (2011) Mepolizumab, a humanized anti-IL-5 mAb, as a treatment option for severe nasal polyposis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 128:989–995.e1–8

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gladiator A, Wangler N, Trautwein-Weidner K, LeibundGut-Landmann S (2013) Cutting edge: IL-17-secreting innate lymphoid cells are essential for host defense against fungal infection. J Immunol 190:521–525

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/GINA-2019-main-report-June-2019-wms.pdf

  • Green BJ et al (2014) Potentially pathogenic airway bacteria and neutrophilic inflammation in treatment resistant severe asthma. PLoS One 9(6):e100.645

    Google Scholar 

  • Gubernatorova EO, Gorshkova EA, Namakanova OA, Zvartsev RV, Hidalgo J, Drutskaya MS, Tumanov AV, … Nedospasov SA (2018) Non-redundant functions of IL-6 Produced by Macrophages and Dendritic Cells in Allergic Airway Inflammation. Front Immunol 9:2718. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02718

  • Halim TY, Steer CA, Matha L, Gold MJ, Martinez-Gonzalez I, McNagny KM, McKenzie AN, Takei F (2014) Group 2 innate lymphoid cells are critical for the initiation of adaptive T helper 2 cell-mediated allergic lung inflammation. Immunity 40:425–435

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hartl D, Koller B, Mehlhorn AT, Reinhardt D, Nicolai T, Schendel DJ, Griese M, Krauss-Etschmann S (2007) Quantitative and functional impairment of pulmonary CD4+CD25hi regulatory T cells in pediatric asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 119:1258–1266

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Healy E et al (2008) Control of salicylate intolerance with fish oils. Br J Dermatol 159(6):1368–1369

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hori S, Nomura T, Sakaguchi S (2003) Control of regulatory T cell development by the transcription factor Foxp3. Science 299(5609):1057–1061

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huang SK et al (1995) IL-13 expression at the sites of allergen challenge in patients with asthma. J Immunol 155:2688–2694

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson DJ et al (2014) IL-33-dependent type 2 inflammation during rhinovirus-induced asthma exacerbations in vivo. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 190:1373–1382

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jaffar Z et al (2009) Antigen-specific Treg regulate Th17-mediated lung neutrophilic inflammation, B-cell recruitment and polymeric IgA and IgM levels in the airways. Eur J Immunol 39(12):3307–3314. https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.200939498

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Johnston SL et al (1995) Community study of role of viral infections in exacerbations of asthma in 9–11 year old children. BMJ 310(989):1225–1229

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kato A (2007) Beyond inflammation: airway epithelial cells are at the interface of innate and adaptive immunity. Curr Opin Immonol 19(6):711–720

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kearley J, Barker JE, Robinson DS, Lloyd CM (2005) Resolution of airway inflammation and hyperreactivity after in vivo transfer of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells is interleukin 10 dependent. J Exp Med 202:1539–1547

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ker J, Hartert TV (2009) The atopic march: what’s the evidence? Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 103:282–289

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kim JH, Jang YJ (2018) Role of natural killer cells in airway inflammation. Allergy, Asthma Immunol Res 10(5):448–456

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koga T et al (2006) Characterisation of patients with frequent exacerbations of asthma. Respir Med 100(2):273–278

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnamoorthy N, Burkett PR, Dalli J, Abdulnour RE, Colas R, Ramon S, Phipps RP, Petasis NA, Kuchroo VK, Serhan CN, Levy BD (2015) Cutting edge: maresin-1 engages regulatory T cells to limit Type 2 innate lymphoid cell activation and promote resolution of lung inflammation. J Immunol 194(3):863–867

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lachowicz-Scroggins ME et al (2010) Interleukin -13-induced Mucous Metaplasia Increases Susceptibility of Human Airway Epithelium to Rhinovirus Infection. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 43(6):652–661

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Locksley R (2010) Asthma and allergic inflammation. Cell 140(6):777–783

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Maric J, Ravindran A et al (2018) Prostaglandin E2 suppresses human group 2 innate lymphoid cell function. J Allergy Clin Immunol 141(5):1761–1773.e6

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Metz M et al (2006) Mast cells can enhance resistance to snake and honeybee venoms. Science 313:526–530

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Monticelli LA, Sonnenberg GF, Artis D (2012) Innate lymphoid cells: critical regulators of allergic inflammation and tissue repair in the lung. Curr Opin Immunol 24:284–289

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Moro K, Yamada T, Tanabe M, Takeuchi T, Ikawa T, Kawamoto H, Furusawa J, Ohtani M, Fujii H, Koyasu S (2010) Innate production of Th2 cytokine by adipose tissue-associated c-kit+Sca-1+ lymphoid cells. Nature 463(7280):540–544. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08636. Epub 2009 Dec 2

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Newcomb DC, Peebles RS (2013) Th17-mediated inflammation in asthma. Curr Opin Immunol 25:755–760

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nicholson KG et al (1993) Respiratory viruses and exacerbations of asthma in adults. BMJ 307:982–986

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Palm NW et al (2012) Allergic host defenses. Nature 484(7395). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11047

  • Palomares O et al (2010) Role of Treg in immune regulation of allergic diseases. Eur J Immunol 40(5):1232–1240. https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.200940045

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peebles RS Jr, Aronica MA (2019) Proinflammatory Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Asthma. Clin Chest Med 40(1):29–50

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Profet M (1991) The function of allergy: immunological defense against toxins. Q Rev Biol 66:23–62

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Radulovic S, Jacobson MR, Durham SR, Nouri-Aria KT (2008) Grass pollen immunotherapy induces Foxp3-expressing CD4+ CD25+ cells in the nasal mucosa. J Allergy Clin Immunol 121(6):1467–1472

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rajan JP et al (2015) Prevalence of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease among asthmatic patients: a meta-analysis of the literature. J Allergy Clin Immunol 135(3):676–681

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rantala A et al (2011) Respiratory infections precede adult-onset asthma. PLoS One 6(12):e27.912

    Google Scholar 

  • Ray A, Kolls JK (2017) Neutrophilic Inflammation in asthma and association with disease severity. Trends Immunol 38(12):942–954

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Reinhardt RL, Liang H-E, Locksley RM (2009) Cytokine-secreting follicular T cells shape the antibody repertoire. Nat Immunol 10:385–393

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ro ADB et al (2017) Reduced Th22 cell proportion and prevention of atopic dermatitis in infants following maternal probiotic supplementation. Clin Exp Allergy 47:1014–1021

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Romagnini S (1998) The Th1/Th2 paradigm and allergic disease. Allergy 53:12–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Roncarolo MG, Gregori S, Battaglia M, Bacchetta R, Fleischhauer K, Levings MK (2006) Interleukin-10-secreting type 1 regulatory T cells in rodents and humans. Immunol Rev 212:28–50

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Round JL, Mazmanian SK (2010) Inducible Foxp3+ regulatory T-cell development by a commensal bacterium of the intestinal microbiota. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107(27):12.204–12.209

    Google Scholar 

  • Sakaguchi S (2004) Naturally arising CD4+ regulatory t cells for immunologic self-tolerance and negative control of immune responses. Annu Rev Immunol 22:531–562

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Salathe M (2007) Regulation of mammalian ciliary beating. Annu Rev Physiol 69:401–422

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sampson AP, Cowburn AS, Sladek K (1997) Profound overexpression of leukotriene C4 synthase in bronchial biopsies from aspirin-intolerant asthmatic patients. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 113:355–357

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Samter M et al (1968) Intolerance to aspirin. Clinical studies and consideration of its pathogenesis. Ann Intern Med 68(5):975–983

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider TR et al (2018) Dietary fatty acid modification for the treatment of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease: a prospective pilot trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 6(3):825–831

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schreck DM (2006) Asthma pathophysiology and evidence-based treatment of severe exacerbations. Am J Health Syst Pharm 63(10 Suppl 3):5–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Seno H, Miyoshi H, Brown SL, Geske MJ, Colonna M et al (2009) Efficient colonic mucosal wound repair requires Trem2 signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:256–261

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma A, Rudra D (2018) Emerging Functions of Regulatory T Cells in Tissue Homeostasis. Front Immunol 9:883

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sideleva O, Dixon A (2014) The many faces of asthma in obesity. J Cell Biochem 115:421–426

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sideleva O, Suratt BT, Black KE, Tharp WG, Pratley RE, Forgione P, Dienz O, Irvin CG, Dixon AE (2012) Obesity and asthma: an inflammatory disease of adipose tissue not the airway. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 186:598–605

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Simpson JL (2014) The effect of azithromycin in adults with stable neutrophilic COPD: a double blind randomised placebo controlled trial. PLoS One 9(8):e105.609

    Google Scholar 

  • Skloot G, Permutt S, Togias A (1995) Airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma: A problem of limited smooth muscle relaxation with inspiration. J Clin Invest 96:2393–2403

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sommer DD et al (2015) Treatment of aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease with low salicylate diet. a pilot cross over study. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 152:42–47

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sonnenberg GF et al (2011) Border patrol: regulation of immunity, inflammation and tissue homeostasis a t barrier surfaces by IL-22. Nat Immunol 12:383–390

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Soumelis V et al (2002) Human epithelial cells trigger dendritic cell-mediated allergic inflammation by producing TSLP. Nature 3:673–680

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spellberg B, Edwards JE Jr (2001) Type 1/type 2 immunity in infectious diseases. Clin Infect Dis 32:76–102

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spits H, Di Santo JP (2011) The expanding family of innate lymphoid cells: regulators and effectors of immunity and tissue remodeling. Nat Immunol 12:21–27

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spivak H, Hewitt MF, Onn A, Half EE (2005) Weight loss and improvement of obesity-related illness in 500 U.S. patients following laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding procedure. Am J Surg 189:27–32

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava KD, Dunkin D, Liu C, Yang N, Miller RL, Sampson HA, Li XM (2014) Effect of antiasthma simplified herbal medicine intervention on neutrophil predominant airway inflammation in a ragweed sensitized murine asthma model. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 112(4):339–347

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Stadhouders R, Lubberts E, Hendriks RW (2018) A cellular and molecular view of T helper 17 cell plasticity in autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 87:1–15

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thomson NC et al (2016) Novel approaches to the management of noneosinophilic asthma. Ther Adv Respir Dis 10(3):211–234

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • van de Veen W, Akdis M (2014) Mechanisms of immune regulation in allergy. In: Global atlas of allergy. European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Zurich, S 90–91

    Google Scholar 

  • van de Veen W, Stanic B, Yaman G, Wawrzyniak M, Söllner S, Akdis DG et al (2013) IgG4 production is confined to human IL-10-producing regulatory B cells that suppress antigen-specific immune responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 131:12.041.212

    Google Scholar 

  • Wenzel SE (2012) Asthma phenotypes: the evolution from clinical to molecular approaches. Nature Medicine 18(5):716–725

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Workman CJ, Szymczak-Workman AL, Collison LW et al (2009) The development and function of regulatory T cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 66:260

    Google Scholar 

  • Ye P, Garvey PB, Zhang P, Nelson S, Bagby G, Summer WR, Schwarzenberger P, Shellito JE, Kolls JK (2001) Interleukin-17 and lung host defense against Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 25:335–340

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Q, Illing R, Hui CK et al (2012) Bacteria in sputum of stable severe asthma and increased airway wall thickness. Respir Res 13(1):35. Published 2012 Apr 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/1465-9921-13-35

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou B et al (2005) Thymic stromal lymphpoetin as a key initiator of allergic airway infalammation in mice. Nat Immunol 6:1047–1053

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou L, Ivanov II, Spolski R et al (2007) IL-6 programs TH-17 cell differentiation by promoting sequential engagement of the IL-21 and IL-23 pathways. Nat Immunol 8(9):967–974

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Wien, Österreich

    Karin Stockert

Authors
  1. Karin Stockert
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Karin Stockert .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Stockert, K. (2020). Allgemeine Grundlagen und Neuigkeiten der Allergologie. In: Allergieprävention. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58140-7_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58140-7_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-58139-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-58140-7

  • eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation