Abstract
The theoretical results presented in the previous chapters are based on experimental investigations. Therefore, in this chapter, the experimental characterisation of the short fibre-reinforced composite is presented. The performed experiments increase in complexity, starting from uniaxial tensile tests at different strain rates up to multiaxial tests like true biaxial tests and the Nakajima test which introduce stress and strain states closer to applicational load cases. At least the results of the Nakajima tests can be regarded as verification experiments for the developed and implemented models. Effects like elasto-plasticity, damage and anisotropy are investigated in detail. The inhomogeneous strain states, which can be observed already in the uniaxial tests due to localisation phenomena in combination with damage, are evaluated using a three-dimensional optical strain measurement on the surface of the specimens. The underlying principles of digital image correlation are explained in detail.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Metallische Werkstoffe - Bleche und Bänder - Bestimmung der Grenzformänderungskurve - Teil 2: Bestimmung von Grenzformänderungskurven im Labor (ISO 12004-2) (2008)
DIN EN ISO 527-2, Kunststoffe - Bestimmung der Zugeigenschaften -. Teil2: Prüfbedingungen für Form- und Extrusionsmassen (1996)
Becker, T., Splitthof, K., Siebert, T., Kletting, P.: Error estimations of 3D digital image correlation measurements. Int. Soc. Opt. Photo. 63410ff (2006)
Botha, T.R., Els, P.S.: Digital image correlation techniques for measuring tyre-road interface parameters: Part 1—Side-slip angle measurement on rough terrain. J. Terramech. 61, 87–100 (2015)
Campos, H.B., Butuc, M.C., Grácio, J.J., Rocha, J.E., Duarte, J.M.F.: Theorical and experimental determination of the forming limit diagram for the aisi 304 stainless steel. J. Mater. Process. Tech. 179(1), 56–60 (2006)
Chu, T., Ranson, W., Sutton, M.: Applications of digital-image-correlation techniques to experimental mechanics. Exp. Mech. 25(3), 232–244 (1985)
Cooreman, S., Lecompte, D., Sol, H., Vantomme, J., Debruyne, D.: Identification of mechanical material behavior through inverse modeling and DIC. P. Soc. Exp. Mech. Inc. 65, 421–433 (2008)
Dantec Dynamics: Istra4D Manual (2015)
Geiger, M., Merklein, M.: Determination of forming limit diagrams—a new analysis method for characterization of materials’ formability. CIRP Ann. Manuf. Technol. 52(1), 213–216 (2003)
Hasek, V.V.: Investigation and theoretical description of factors relevant to the forming limit diagram-1. Blech Rohre Profile 25(5), 213–219 (1978)
Johlitz, M., Diebels, S.: Characterisation of a polymer using biaxial tension tests. Part I: Hyperelasticity. Arch. Appl. Mech. 81(10), 1333–1349 (2011)
Jung, A., Beex, L., Diebels, S., Bordas, S.: Open-cell aluminium foams with graded coatings as passively controllable energy absorbers. Mater. Des. 87, 36–41 (2015)
Jung, A., Grammes, T., Diebels, S.: Micro-structural motivated phenomenological modelling of metal foams: experiments and modelling. Arch. Appl. Mech. 85(8), 1147–1160 (2015)
Lucas, B.D., Kanade, T., et al.: An iterative image registration technique with an application to stereo vision. IJCAI 81, 674–679 (1981)
Monte, M.D., Moosbrugger, E., Quaresimin, M.: Influence of temperature and thickness on the off-axis behaviour of short glass fibre reinforced polyamide 6.6 cyclic loading. Compos. Part A Appl. S. 41(10), 1368–1379 (2010)
Nakazima, K., Kikuma, T., Hasuka, K.: Study on the formability of steel sheets. Yawate Tech. Rep. 264, 8517–8530 (1968)
Pan, B., Qian, K., Xie, H., Asundi, A.: Two-dimensional digital image correlation for in-plane displacement and strain measurement: a review. Meas. Sci. Technol. 20(6), 062,001 (2009)
Röhrig, C., Scheffer, T., Diebels, S.: Mechanical characterization of a short fiber-reinforced polymer at room temperature: experimental setups evaluated by an optical measurement system. Contin. Mech. Thermodyn. 1–19 (2017)
Scheffer, T.: Charakterisierung des nichtlinear-viskoelastischen Materialverhaltens gefüllter Elastomere. Dissertation, Universität des Saarlandes (2016)
Seibert, H., Scheffer, T., Diebels, S.: Biaxial testing of elastomers: experimental setup, measurement and experimental optimisation of specimen’s shape. Tech. Mech. 34(2), 72–89 (2014)
Speicher, K.: Konstruktion, Aufbau und Steuerung einer Biaxialanlage. Studienarbeit, Universität des Saarlandes (2009)
Sutton, M.A., Orteu, J.J., Schreier, H.: Image Correlation for Shape, Motion and Deformation Measurements: Basic Concepts, Theory and Applications. Springer Science & Business Media (2009)
Treloar, L.: The Physics of Rubber Elasticity. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2005)
Vacher, P., Haddad, A., Arrieux, R.: Determination of the forming limit diagrams using image analysis by the corelation method. CIRP Ann. Manuf. Technol. 48(1), 227–230 (1999)
www.matweb.com: MatWeb—material property data. www.matweb.com
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Röhrig, C., Diebels, S. (2019). Experimental Studies. In: Diebels, S., Rjasanow, S. (eds) Multi-scale Simulation of Composite Materials. Mathematical Engineering. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-57957-2_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-57957-2_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-57956-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-57957-2
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)