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Halbleiterlaser (semiconductor lasers)

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Laser: Theorie, Typen und Anwendungen

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Zusammenfassung

Die Halbleiterlaser (Fouckhardt 2011; Hillmer und Kusserow 2012; Numai 2015) sind heute die am meisten verbreiteten Laser überhaupt. Kurz nach der Entdeckung und Verwirklichung des ersten Lasers wurde auch bei Halbleitern Lasertätigkeit beobachtet (Hall et al. 1962; Holonyak und Bevacqua 1962; Nathan et al. 1962; Quist et al. 1962). Die ersten Systeme waren gepulste Halbleiterlaser, die bei tiefen Temperaturen betrieben wurden. Im Jahre 1970 wurde dann erstmals kontinuierlicher Betrieb bei Raumtemperatur erreicht. Der Halbleiterlaser ist von besonderem Interesse, weil mit ihm elektrischer Strom direkt in Laserlicht umgewandelt werden kann und zwar mit sehr hoher Modulationsfrequenz. Ein weiterer Vorteil sind die außerordentlich kleinen Dimensionen des Laserkristalls von typisch 300 μm × 100 μm × 100 μm. Der differentielle Laserwirkungsgrad, definiert als Quotient von Laserausgangsleistung zu Pumpleistung oberhalb der Schwelle, ist im Vergleich zu anderen Lasertypen sehr hoch und erreicht typisch 50 %, d. h. dass oberhalb der Schwelle über 50 % der Pumpstromleistung in kohärente Lichtleistung umgesetzt wird.

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  1. Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz

    Markus Werner Sigrist

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Sigrist, M.W. (2018). Halbleiterlaser (semiconductor lasers). In: Laser: Theorie, Typen und Anwendungen. Springer Spektrum, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-57515-4_15

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