Abstract
A robust watermarking algorithm for 3D point cloud models based on feature vertices is proposed in this paper. Vertices with mean curvature less than zero are selected as feature vertices for watermark embedding. These feature vertices lying in the deeper surface can guarantee better imperceptibility for the watermarking information. The invariant space is established to resist geometric attacks by using the rest vertices, in which the 3D model are divided several ball rings according to the number of watermark bits. Scheme to embed watermarking information is to modify the radial distances of the feature vertices within the different ball rings. Experimental results show the proposed algorithm is robust against geometric attacks. It outperforms other methods in terms of imperceptibility and robustness.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Zeki, A.M., Abubakar, A.: 3D digital watermarking: issues and challenges. In: International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, pp. 344–351 (2013)
Li, X.-W., Kim, S.-T., Lee, I.-K.: 3D image copyright protection based on cellular automata transform and direct smart pixel mapping. Opt. Commun. 329, 92–102 (2014)
Liu, J., Wang, Y., Li, Y., Liu, R., Chen, J.: A robust and blind 3D watermarking algorithm using multi-resolution adaptive parameterization of surface. Neurocomputing 237, 304–315 (2017)
Cho, J.-W., Prost, R., Jung, H.-Y.: An oblivious watermarking for 3-D polygonal meshes using distribution of vertex norms. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 55, 142–155 (2007)
Basyoni, L., Saleh, H.I., Abdelhalim, M.B.: Enhanced watermarking method for 3D mesh models. In: International Conference on Information Technology, pp. 612–619 (2015)
Tao, X., Cai, Z.: Semi-fragile watermarking algorithm of 3D mesh models based on content certification. In: Computer Applications & Software (2014)
Garg, H., Arora, G., Bhatia, K.: Watermarking for 3-D polygon mesh using mean curvature feature. In: Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks(CICN), International Conference, pp. 903–908 (2014)
Luo, H., Lu, Z., Pan, J.: A reversible data hiding method for 3D point cloud model. In: International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology, pp. 863–867 (2006)
Ke, Q.,Xie, D., Zhang, D.: A robust watermarking scheme for 3D point cloud models using self-similarity partition. In: Wireless Communications, Networking and Information Security (WCNIS), pp. 287–291 (2010)
Feng, X.: A watermarking for 3D point cloud model using distance normalization modulation. In: International Conference on Computer Science and Network Technology(ICCSNT), pp. 1282–1286 (2015)
Meyer, M., Desbrun, M., Schröder, P., Barr, A.H.: Discrete differential-geometry operators for triangulated 2-manifolds. In: Hege, H.C., Polthier, K. (eds.) Visualization and Mathematics III. Mathematics and Visualization, pp. 35–57. Springer, Heidelberg (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05105-4_2
Yang, Y., Pintus, R., Rushmeier, H., Ivrissimtzis, I.: A 3D steganalytic algorithm and steg analysis-resistant watermarking. IEEE Trans. Visual Comput. Graphics 2, 1002–1013 (2017)
Urvoy, M., Goudia, D., Autrusseau, F.: Perceptual DFT watermarking with improved detection and robustness to geometrical distortions. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 9, 1108–1119 (2014)
Li, C., Zhang, Z., Wang, Y., Ma, B., Huang, D.: Dither modulation of significant amplitude difference for wavelet based robust watermarking. Neurocomputing 166, 404–415 (2015)
Taubin, G.: Geometric signal processing on polygonal meshes. In: Eurographic State of the Art Report, pp. 81–96 (2000)
Bors, A.G., Luo, M.: Optimized 3D watermarking for minimal surface distortion. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 22, 1822–1835 (2013)
Acknowledgments
This work is supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61472319), by Natural Foundation of Shanxi Province Key Project (No. 2015JZ015), and by Xi’an Science and Technology Project (No. XALG025).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Liu, J., Yang, Y., Ma, D., Wang, Y., Pan, Z. (2018). A Watermarking Algorithm for 3D Point Cloud Models Using Ring Distribution. In: Pan, Z., Cheok, A., Müller, W. (eds) Transactions on Edutainment XIV. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10790. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56689-3_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56689-3_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-56688-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-56689-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)