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In Vivo Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging Based on Polymer Dots

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Abstract

Conjugated polymer dots emerge as attractive molecular imaging nanoprobes in living animals because of their excellent optical properties including bright fluorescence intensity, excellent photostability, high emission rates, and low intrinsic cytotoxicity. In this chapter we focused on the preparation of near-infrared (NIR)-emitting polymer dots by nano-precipitation method (matrix-encapsulation method), miniemulsion method, and in situ colloidal Knoevenagel polymerization methods and their applications for in vivo NIR fluorescence imaging, including imaging of lymphatic basins, tumors, zebrafish, and oxygen.

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Abbreviations

AIE:

Aggregation-induced-emission

BODIPY:

Phthalocyanine- and boron dipyrrin

BRET:

Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer

BSA:

Bovine serum albumin

BTE:

Bisthienylethene derivative, 1,2-bis(2,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-3-thienyl)-3,3,4,4,5,5-hexafluoro-1-cyclopentene

BTTP:

5,7-bis(5-bromo-2-thienyl)-2,3-dimethylthieno[3,4-b]pyrazine

BTTPF:

BTTP copolymized with 2,7-bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-9,9-bis[30-(dimethylamino)propyl] fluorine

C7-FA:

Homemade heptylamine modified folate

CN-PPVs:

Cyanosubstituted derivatives of poly(p-phenylenevinylene)

CPDP-FA NPs:

CP-loaded DSPE-PEG-folic acid nanoparticles

cRGD:

Cyclic RGD peptides

cvCP:

Anovinylene-backboned conjugated polymers

cvPDs:

Cyanovinylene-backboned polymer dots

CZ:

3,6-dibromo-9-(2-butyloctyl)-9H–carbazole

Dox:

Doxorubicin

DPPF:

poly{3-(5-(9-hexyl-9-octyl-9H-uoren-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-2,5-bis(2-hexyldecyl)-6-(thiophen-2-yl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4(2H,5H)-dione}

DSPE:

2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

DSPE-PEG2000:

1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000]

DSPE-PEG-NH2:

1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino(polyethylene glycol)-2000]

DTT:

2,6-dibromo-4,4-dihexyl-4H-cyclopenta[1,2-b:5,4-b’]dithiophene

EPR:

Enhanced permeability and retention

FRET:

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer

MEH-PPV:

poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene]

NanoDRONE:

Dual-color SPN-based NIR nanoprobe for the detection of RONS

NIR775:

Silicon 2, 3-naphthalocyanine bis(trihexylsilyloxide)

PCFDP:

[9,9′-dihexyl-2,7-bis(1-cyanovinylene)fluorenylene-alt-co-2,5-bis(N,N′-diphenylamino)-1,4-phenylene]

PCPDTBT:

poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H–cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b0]dithiophene)-alt-4,7(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)]

PD-1:

PS-PEG-COOH modified MEH-PPV polymer dots

PD-2:

PSMA modified MEH-PPV polymer dots

PD-3:

PS-PEG-COOH modified and Luc-8 conjugated MEH-PPV polymer dots

PD-4:

PS-PEG-COOH modified and RGD conjugated MEH-PPV polymer dots

PD-5:

PS-PEG-COOH modified, RGD and Luc-8 conjugated MEH-PPV polymer dots

PDTPDTT:

poly[5-octyl-1-(5-(4,4,9,9-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-4,9-dihydro-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b0]dithiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-4H–thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4, 6(5H)-dione]

PEG-NH2:

Methoxypolyethylene glycol amine 2000

PFBT:

poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) average Mn 10,000–20,000

PFBTDBT10:

poly[(9,9-dihexylfluorene)-co-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-co-4,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole]

PFVBT:

poly[9,9-bis(6′-(N,N-dimethylamino)hexyl)fluorenyldivinylenealt-4,7-(2,1,3,-benzothiadiazole)]

PIDT-DBT:

poly{[4,4,9,9-tetrakis(4-(octyloxy)phenyl-4,9-dihydro-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b′]dithiophene)]-alt-co-[4,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole]}

PLGA-PEG-FOL:

poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol)-folate

PSBTBT:

poly[2,6-(4,40-bis(2-ethylhexyl)dithieno[3,2-b:20,30-d]silole)-alt-4,7(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)]

PSMA:

poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride)

PS-PEG-COOH:

Polystyrene-graft-ethyleneoxide functionalized with carboxyl groups

PtTFPPBr2:

Platinum(II) meso-bis(pentafluorophenyl)bis-(4-bromophenyl)porphyrin

RONS:

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SPNs:

Semiconducting polymer nanoparticles

TC6FQ:

5,8-Bis(5-bromo-4-hexylthiophen-2-yl)-6,7-difluoro-2,3-bis-(3-(hexyloxy)phenyl)quinoxaline

TEOS:

Tetraethyl orthosilicate

TFPP:

meso-bis(pentafluorophenyl)bis-(4-bromophenyl)porphyrin

TPE-TPA-DCM:

2-(2,6-Bis((E)-4-(phenyl(4′-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)amino)styryl)-4H–pyran-4-ylidene)malononitrile

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nano Biomedical Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

    Yixiao Guo & Liqin Xiong

Authors
  1. Yixiao Guo
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  2. Liqin Xiong
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Correspondence to Liqin Xiong .

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  1. Integrated Mesoscale Architectures for Sustainable Catalysis (IMASC), Rowland Institute of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

    Challa S.S.R. Kumar

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Guo, Y., Xiong, L. (2018). In Vivo Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging Based on Polymer Dots. In: Kumar, C. (eds) Nanotechnology Characterization Tools for Biosensing and Medical Diagnosis. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56333-5_13

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