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Biogeochemical Fluxes in Terrestrial Ecosystems

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Abstract

In this chapter, the major biogeochemical fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems are presented: water, carbon, nitrogen and cation fluxes. The relevance and interactions of all these fluxes are explained, and then their special features discussed, with an additional focus on land management. In the first section, water fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems are elaborated, both conceptually and mathematically. The different component fluxes of an ecosystem water budget are introduced, with a clear focus on the ecosystem scale, although leaf and tree scales are also addressed. Evapotranspiration at these different scales is the core process presented, including its radiative and physiological controls, illustrating the link between water and the energy budgets of an ecosystem. The responses of ecosystems to drought are illustrated. In the second section, carbon fluxes are the main topic. Analogously to the water section, first, the different component fluxes of an ecosystem carbon budget are introduced, ranging from photosynthesis to soil carbon turnover and carbon losses via fire or management. In addition, environmental drivers and their impacts on the carbon fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems are presented. Special attention is given to the decomposition and stabilization of organic matter, but also to net ecosystem production and net biome production and, thus, carbon sinks and sources. Moreover, also methane and other biogenic volatile organic compounds are introduced. In the third section, nitrogen fluxes are explored, focusing on plant–microbe interactions. Impacts of atmospheric N deposition and N fertilization are discussed. In the fourth section, cation fluxes are introduced. Examples include chronosequences of weathering and soil acidification.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany

    Ernst-Detlef Schulze

  2. Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany

    Erwin Beck & Stephan Clemens

  3. Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    Nina Buchmann

  4. Department of Biogeography, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany

    Klaus Müller-Hohenstein

  5. Chair of Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

    Michael Scherer-Lorenzen

Authors
  1. Ernst-Detlef Schulze
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  2. Erwin Beck
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  3. Nina Buchmann
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  4. Stephan Clemens
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  5. Klaus Müller-Hohenstein
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  6. Michael Scherer-Lorenzen
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Schulze, ED., Beck, E., Buchmann, N., Clemens, S., Müller-Hohenstein, K., Scherer-Lorenzen, M. (2019). Biogeochemical Fluxes in Terrestrial Ecosystems. In: Plant Ecology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56233-8_16

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