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Chemische Eigenschaften und Prozesse

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Scheffer/Schachtschabel Lehrbuch der Bodenkunde

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Zusammenfassung

Viele Regelungsfunktionen von Böden beruhen auf biogeochemischen Prozessen und werden deshalb von den chemischen Eigenschaften der Böden beeinflusst. Beispiele hierfür sind die Speicherung und Nachlieferung von Nährstoffen, die Sorption und der Abbau von Schadstoffen sowie die Pufferung von Säureeinträgen. Chemische Prozesse an Grenzflächen sind dabei von herausragender Bedeutung. Etwa 40–60 % des Bodenvolumens bestehen aus Poren, die je nach aktueller Bodenfeuchte mit Wasser (Bodenlösung) und Gasen (Bodenluft) gefüllt sein können. Die feste Bodensubstanz besteht überwiegend aus Mineralen und kleineren Anteilen organischer Substanzen. In diesem porösen System aus mineralischen und organischen Bodenpartikeln, Gasen, wässrigen Lösungen und Organismen bilden sich enorm große und chemisch reaktive Grenzflächen aus. An diesen Grenzflächen können Ionen und Moleküle adsorbiert, komplexiert, oxidiert, reduziert, ausgefällt oder chemisch umgewandelt werden. Dieses Kapitel bietet eine Einführung in wichtige chemische Eigenschaften und Prozesse, die das Verhalten von Nähr- und Schadstoffen in Böden kontrollieren.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. INRES – Institut für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaften und Ressourcenschutz, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland

    Wulf Amelung

  2. Institut für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde, Universität Kiel, Kiel, Deutschland

    Hans-Peter Blume & Rainer Horn

  3. Institut für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde, Universität Kiel, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Deutschland

    Heiner Fleige

  4. Institut für Bodenkunde und Standortslehre, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Deutschland

    Ellen Kandeler & Karl Stahr

  5. Lehrstuhl für Bodenkunde, TU München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Deutschland

    Ingrid Kögel-Knabner

  6. Institut für Biogeochemie und Schadstoffdynamik, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz

    Ruben Kretzschmar

  7. Institut für Ökologie, TU Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland

    Berndt-Michael Wilke

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  1. Wulf Amelung
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  2. Hans-Peter Blume
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  9. Berndt-Michael Wilke
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Amelung, W. et al. (2018). Chemische Eigenschaften und Prozesse. In: Scheffer/Schachtschabel Lehrbuch der Bodenkunde. Springer Spektrum, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55871-3_5

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