Abstract
Art 8 deals with the legal consequences of an act performed by an unauthorized person related to the conclusion of a treaty and the options for the State concerned. It thereby complements the previous article on full powers and aims to bring about legal security in such situations.
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Notes
- 1.
Sinclair (1984), p. 31.
- 2.
Blix (1960), p. 12.
- 3.
Final Draft, Commentary to Art 7, 211, para 2.
- 4.
Waldock II 46.
- 5.
[1963-II] YbILC 189–217.
- 6.
Final Draft, Draft Art 7, 193.
- 7.
UNCLOT I 79, para 34.
- 8.
- 9.
Elias (1974), p. 21.
- 10.
Final Draft, Commentary to Art 8, 194, para 2. For more background on this incident, see Blix (1960), pp. 76–77.
- 11.
ICJ Genocide Case (Preliminary Objections) (dissenting opinion Kreća) [1996] ICJ Rep 658, paras 38–39.
- 12.
ICJ Genocide Case (Preliminary Objections) [1996] ICJ Rep 595, para 44.
- 13.
Angelet and Leidgens (2011), Art 8 MN 6.
- 14.
Final Draft, Commentary to Art 8, 194, para 1.
- 15.
Peters (2009), MN 110.
- 16.
Final Draft, Commentary to Art 8, 194, para 3.
- 17.
Angelet and Leidgens (2011), Art 8 MN 10.
- 18.
For a different view, see Angelet and Leidgens (2011), Art 8 MN 5, 12, who argue that Art 8 only allows for retroactive confirmation, whereas a confirmation ex nunc would have to be based on customary law.
- 19.
Final Draft, Commentary to Art 8, 194, para 3.
- 20.
The treaty is reproduced in (1941) 35 AJIL Supp 129 and (1942) 11 ZaöRV 107–112.
- 21.
For more details, see Briggs (1941), p. 508.
- 22.
Blix (1960), p. 60.
- 23.
- 24.
Blix (1960), p. 9.
- 25.
Elias (2012), p. 83 refers to the ‘rare circumstances’ in which the problem of exceeding full powers by a representative of an international organization presents itself in practice, but does not provide any example.
References
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Aust A (2013) Modern Treaty Law and Practice, 3rd edn. CUP, Cambridge
Blix H (1960) Treaty-Making Power. Stevens, London
Briggs H (1941) The Validity of the Greenland Agreement. AJIL 35:506–513
Elias T (1974) The Modern Law of Treaties. Oceana Publications, Dobbs Ferry
Elias O (2012) Who can Make Treaties? International Organizations. In: Hollis DB (ed) The Oxford Guide to Treaties. OUP, Oxford, pp 73–92
Peters A (2009) Treaty-Making Power. In: Wolfrum R (ed) The Max Planck encyclopedia of public international law. OUP, Oxford. http://opil.ouplaw.com/view/10.1093/law:epil/9780199231690/law-9780199231690-e1494. Accessed 29 November 2017
Sinclair I (1984) The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 2nd edn. University Press, Manchester
Villiger M (2009) Commentary on the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. Nijhoff, Leiden
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Hoffmeister, F. (2018). Article 8. In: Dörr, O., Schmalenbach, K. (eds) Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55160-8_10
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