Skip to main content

Persönlichkeitsbereiche

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Psychologie der Persönlichkeit

Part of the book series: Springer-Lehrbuch ((SLB))

Zusammenfassung

In diesem Kapitel werden inhaltliche Ergebnisse der empirischen Persönlichkeitspsychologie zu verschiedenen Persönlichkeitsbereichen exemplarisch dargestellt. Es geht also nicht darum, eine ausgewogene Übersicht über die inzwischen gewaltige Literatur zu einzelnen Persönlichkeitsbereichen zu geben, sondern an ausgewählten Beispielen typische Konstrukte, Ergebnisse und methodische Probleme darzustellen. Bisher gibt es in der Persönlichkeitspsychologie kein funktionsorientiertes Gliederungsschema, das sich allgemein durchgesetzt hätte. Um den Einstieg in die weiterführende Literatur zu erleichtern, orientiert sich die hier vorgenommene Gliederung an traditionellen persönlichkeitspsychologischen Forschungsthemen, z. B. physische Merkmale, Temperament und Fähigkeiten.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Literatur

  • Adorno, T.W., Frenkel-Brunswik, E., Levinson, D.J. & Sanford, R.N. (1950). The authoritarian personality. New York: Harper & Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ajzen, I. & Madden, J.T. (1986). Prediction of goal-directed behavior: Attitudes, intentions, and perceived behavioral control. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 22, 453–474.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Altemeyer, B. (1988). Enemies of freedom: Understanding right-wing authoritarianism. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amelang, M. (1987). An investigation of the factorial structure and external validity of tests of social intelligence (Techn. Rep. No. 59). Heidelberg: Psychologisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amelang, M. & Borkenau, P. (1984). Versuche einer Differenzierung des Eigenschaftskonzepts: Aspekte intraindividueller Variabilität und differentieller Vorhersagbarkeit. In M. Amelang & H.-J. Ahrens (Hrsg.), Brennpunkte der Persönlichkeitsforschung (Bd. 1, S. 89–107). Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amelang, M., Schwarz, G. & Wegemund, A. (1989). Soziale Intelligenz als Trait-Konstrukt und Test-Konzept bei der Analyse von Verhaltenshäufigkeiten. Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 10, 37–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ames, D.R. & Flynn, F.J. (2007). What breaks a leader: The curvilinear relation between assertiveness and leadership. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 307–324.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Amodio, D.M. & Devine, P.G. (2006). Stereotyping and evaluation in implicit race bias: Evidence for independent constructs and unique effects on behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 652–661.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anastasi, A. (1971). Differential psychology: Individual and group differences in behavior (3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, C.A., Jennings, D.L. & Arnoult. L.H. (1988). The validity and utility of the attributional style construct at a moderate level of specificity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 979–990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, M. (1992). Intelligence and development. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arkin, R.M. (1981). Self-presentation styles. In J.T. Tedeschi (Ed.), Impression management theory and social psychological research (pp. 311–333). New York: Academic Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Asbrock, F., Sibley, C.G. & Duckitt, J. (2010). Right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation and the dimensions of generalized prejudice: A longitudinal test. European Journal of Personality, 24, 324–340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Asendorpf, J.B. (1987). Videotape reconstruction of emotions and cognitions related to shyness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 542–549.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Asendorpf, J.B. (1989a). Shyness as a final common pathway for two different kinds of inhibition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 481–492.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Asendorpf, J.B. (1989b). Soziale Gehemmtheit und ihre Entwicklung. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Asendorpf, J.B. (1990). Development of inhibition during childhood: Evidence for situational specificity and a two-factor model. Developmental Psychology, 26, 721–730.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Asendorpf, J.B. (1993). Entwicklungsgenetik der Persönlichkeit im Kindesalter. In M. Markefka & B. Nauck (Hrsg.), Handbuch der Kindheitsforschung (S. 17–30). Neuwied: Luchterhand Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Asendorpf, J.B. (2002). Emotionale Intelligenz nein, emotionale Kompetenzen ja. Zeitschrift für Personalpsychologie, 1,180–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Asendorpf, J.B., Banse, R. & Mücke, D. (2002a). Double dissociation between implicit and explicit personality self-concept: The case of shy behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 380–393.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Asendorpf, J.B., Banse, R. & Neyer, F.J. (2017). Psychologie der Beziehung. (2. Aufl.). Bern: Hogrefe.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Asendorpf, J.B. & Ostendorf, F. (1998). Is self-enhancement healthy? Conceptual, psychometric, and empirical analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 955–966.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Asendorpf, J.B., Penke, L. & Back, M.D. (2011). From dating to mating and relating: Predictors of initial and long-term outcomes of speed-dating in a community sample. European Journal of Personality, 25, 16–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Asendorpf, J.B. & Scherer, K.R. (1983). The discrepant repressor: Differentiation between low anxiety, high anxiety, and repression of anxiety by autonomic-facial-verbal patterns of behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 1334–1346.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Asendorpf, J.B. & van Aken, M.A.G. (1993). Deutsche Versionen der Selbstkonzeptskalen von Harter. Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie, 25, 64–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Asendorpf, J.B., Wallbott, H.G. & Scherer, K.R. (1985). Die Paralleluntersuchung: Multi-modale Reaktionsunterschiede in emotionalen Situationen. In K.R. Scherer, H.G. Wallbott, F.J. Tolkmitt & G. Bergmann (Hrsg.), Die Streßreaktion: Physiologie und Verhalten (S. 163–181). Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Asendorpf, J.B. & Wilpers, S. (1998). Personality effects on social relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1531–1544.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson, J.W. (1957). Motivational determinants of risk-taking behavior. Psychological Review, 64, 359–372.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson, J.W., Heyns, R.W. & Veroff, J. (1954). The effect of experimental arousal of the affiliation motive on thematic apperception. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 49, 405–410.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Austin, J.T. & Hanisch, K.A. (1990). Occupational attainment as a function of abilities and interests: A longitudinal analysis using Project TALENT data. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 77–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Back, M.D., Küfner, A.C., Dufner, M., Gerlach, T.M., Rauthmann, J.F. & Denissen, J.J.A. (2013). Narcissistic admiration and rivalry: Disentangling the bright and dark sides of narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 105, 1013–1037.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Back, M.D., Schmukle, S.C. & Egloff, B. (2009). Predicting actual behavior from the explicit and implicit self-concept of personality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 533–548.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Back, M.D., Schmukle, S.C. & Egloff, B. (2010). Why are narcissists so charming at first sight? Decoding the narcissism-popularity link at zero acquaintance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98, 132–145.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bakan, D. (1966). The duality of human existence. Boston, IL: Beacon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ball-Rokeach, S.J., Rokeach, M. & Grube, J.W. (1984). The Great American Values Test: Influencing behavior and belief through television. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy. New York: W.H. Freeman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Banse, R., Schmidt, A. F. & Clarbour, J. (2010). Indirect measures of sexual interest in child sex offenders: A multi-method approach. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 37, 319–335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bardi, A. & Schwartz, S.H. (2003). Values and behavior: Strength and structure of relations. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 1207–1220.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barrick, M.R. & Mount, M.K. (1991). The Big-Five personality dimensions in job performance: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44, 1–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bartling, H.G. & Hood, A.B. (1981). An 11-year follow-up of measured interest and vocational choice. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 34, 318–334.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baumann, N., Kaschel, R. & Kuhl, J. (2005). Striving for unwanted goals: Stress-dependent discrepancies between explicit and implicit achievement motives reduce subjective well-being and increase psychosomatic symptoms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 781–799.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baumeister, R.F., Tice, D.M. & Hutton, D.G. (1989). Self-presentational motivations and personality differences in self-esteem. Journal of Personality, 57, 547–579.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Becker, N., Höft, S., Holzenkamp, M. & Spinath, F.M. (2011). The predictive validity of assessment centers in German-speaking regions: A meta-analysis. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 10, 61–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bergmann, C. & Eder, F. (2005). Allgemeiner Interessen-Struktur-Test mit Umwelt-Struktur-Test (UST-R): AIST-R. Manual. Weinheim: Beltz-Test.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berscheid, E. & Walster, E. (1974). Physical attractiveness. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 7, pp. 157–215). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bilsky, W. & Schwartz, S.H. (1994). Values and personality. European Journal of Personality, 8, 163–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Binet, A. & Henri, V. (1895). La psychologie individuelle. Année Psychologique, 2, 411–463.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Binet, A. & Simon, T. (1905). Méthodes nouvelles pour le diagnostique du niveau intellectuel des anormaux. Année Psychologique, 11, 191–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bischof, N. (1985). Das Rätsel Ödipus. München: Piper.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blair, I.V. (2001). Implicit bias and stereotypes. In G. Moskowitz (Ed.), Cognitive social psychology: On the tenure and future of social cognition (pp. 359–374). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Block, J.H. & Block, J. (1980). The role of ego-control and ego-resiliency in the organization of behavior. In W.A. Collins (Ed.), Minnesota Symposium on Child Psychology (Vol. 13, pp. 39–101). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borkenau, P. & Liebler, A. (1995). Observable attributes as manifestations and cues of personality and intelligence. Journal of Personality, 63, 1–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boyce, C.J., Brown, G.D.A. & Moore, S.C. (2010). Money and happiness: Rank of income, not income, affects life satisfaction. Psychological Science, 21, 471–475.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brackwede, D. (1980). Das Bogus-Pipeline-Paradigma: Eine Übersicht über bisherige experimentelle Ergebnisse. Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie, 11, 50–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braithwaite, V. & Law, H. (1985). Structure of human values: Testing the adequacy of the Rokeach Value Survey. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 250–263.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brickman, P., Coates, D. & Janoff-Bulman, R. (1978). Lottery-winners and accident victims: Is happiness relative? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 917–927.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brunstein, J.C. & Heckhausen, H. (2010). Leistungsmotivation. In J. Heckhausen & H. Heckhausen (Hrsg.), Motivation und Handeln (4. Aufl., pp 145–192). Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokio: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Brunstein, J.C., Lautenschläger, U., Nawroth, B., Pöhlmann, K. & Schultheiss, O. (1995). Persönliche Anliegen, soziale Motive und emotionales Wohlbefinden. Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 16, 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brunstein, J.C. & Maier, G.W. (1996). Persönliche Ziele: Ein Überblick zum Stand der Forschung. Psychologische Rundschau, 47, 146–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brunstein, J.C., Schultheiss, O.C. & Grässmann, R. (1998). Personal goals and emotional well-being: The moderating role of motive dispositions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 494–508.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buffardi, L.E. & Campbell, W.K. (2008). Narcissism and social networking web sites. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 1303–1314.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buhrmester, D., Furman, W., Wittenberg, M.T. & Reiss, H.T. (1988). Five domains of interpersonal competence in peer-relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 991–1008.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burgemeister, B., Blum, L. & Lorge, J. (1972). Columbia Mental Maturity Scale. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buse, L. (1998). Differentielle Psychologie der Interessen. In M. Amelang (Hrsg.), Enzyklopädie der Psychologie, Band C/VIII/3: Temperaments- und Persönlichkeitsunterschiede. (S. 441–475).Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bushman, B.J. & Baumeister, R.F. (1998). Threatened egotism, narcissism, self-esteem, and direct and displaced aggression: Does self-love or self-hate lead to violence? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 219–229.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buss, D.M. (2016). Evolutionary psychology (5th ed.). London, UK: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, D. (1971). Handbook for the Strong Vocational Interest Blank. Standford, CA: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carver, C.S. & Scheier, M.F. (1981). Attention and self-regulation: A control theory approach to human behavior. New York: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Carver, C.S. & Scheier, M.F. (2001). On the self-regulation of behavior. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cattell, R.B. (1960). Culture Fair Intelligence Test (CFT). Champaign, IL: Institute for Personality and Ability Testing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cattell, R.B. (1963). Theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence: A critical experiment. Journal of Educational Psychology, 54, 1–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheek, J.M. (1982). Aggregation, moderator variables, and the validity of personality tests: A peer rating study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 1254–1269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheek, J.M. & Buss, A.H. (1981). Shyness and sociability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 330–339.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Christie, R. & Geis, F.L. (1970). Studies in Machiavellianism. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, J.V. & Arkowitz, H. (1975). Social anxiety and self-evaluation of interpersonal performance. Psychological Reports, 36, 211–221.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Colvin, C.R., Block, J. & Funder, D.C. (1995). Overly positive self-evaluations and personality: Negative implications for mental health. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 1152–1162.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Compas, B.E., Forsythe, C.J. & Wagner, B.M. (1988). Consistency and variability in causal attributions and coping with stress. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 12, 305–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Connor-Smith, J.K. & Flachsbart, C. (2007). Relations between personality and coping: A meta-analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 1080–1107.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cooley, C.H. (1902). Human nature and the social order. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coopersmith, S.A. (1967). The antecedents of self-esteem. San Francisco, CA: Freeman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crowne, D.P. & Marlowe, D. (1964). The approval motive: Studies in evaluative dependence. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cutrona, C.E., Russell, D. & Jones, R.D. (1984). Cross-situational consistency in causal attributions: Does attributional style exist? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 1043–1058.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davies, M., Stankov, L. & Roberts, R. D. (1998). Emotional intelligence: In search of an elusive construct. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 989–1015.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Raad, B. (1994). An expedition in search of a fifth universal factor: Key issues in the lexical approach. European Journal of Personality, 8, 229–250.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeNeve, K.M. & Cooper, H. (1998). The happy personality: A meta-analysis of 137 personality traits and subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 197–223.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Depue, R.A. & Collins, P.F. (1999). Neurobiology of the structure of personality: Dopamine, facilitation of incentive motivation, and extraversion. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, 491–569.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Desrumaux, P., De Bosscher, S. & Leoni, V. (2009). Effects of facial attractiveness, gender, and competence of applicants on job recruitment. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 68, 33–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deutsch, F.M., Kroll, J.F., Weible, A.L., Letourneau, L.A. & Goss, R.L. (1988). Spontaneous trait generation: A new method for identifying self-schemas. Journal of Personality, 56, 327–354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Devine, P.G. (1989). Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 680–690.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542–575.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Diener, E. & Diener, C. (1996). Most people are happy. Psychological Science, 7, 181–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diener, E., Lucas, R.E. & Scollon, C.N. (2006). Beyond the hedonic treadmill: Revising the adaptation theory of well-being. American Psychologist, 61, 305–314.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dixson, A.F., Halliwell, G., East, R., Wignarajah, P. & Anderson, M.J. (2003). Masculine morphotype and hirsuteness as determinants of sexual attractiveness to women. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 32, 29–39.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dominick, J. R. (1999). Who do you think you are? Personal home pages and selfpresentation on the world wide web. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 76, 646–658.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Downey, G., Freitas, A.L., Michaelis, B. & Khouri, H. (1998). The self-fulfilling prophecy in close relationships: Rejection sensitivity and rejection by romantic partners. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 545–560.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duckitt, J. (2001). A dual-process cognitive-motivational theory of ideology and prejudice. In M.P. Zanna, (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 33, pp. 41–113). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dufner, M., Egloff, B., Hausmann, C.M., Wendland, L., Neyer, F.J. & Back, M.D. (2015). Narcissistic tendencies among actors: Craving for admiration, but not at the cost of others. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 6, 447–454.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dufner, M., Rauthmann, J.F., Czarna, A.Z. & Denissen, J.J.A. (2013). Are narcissists sexy? Zeroing in on the effect of narcissism on short-term mate appeal. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39, 870–882.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duval, S. & Wicklund, R.A. (1972). A theory of objective self-awareness. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eagly, A.H. & Chaiken, S. (1993). The psychology of attitudes. Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eck, C.D., Jöri, H. & Vogt, M. (2010). Assessment-Center (2. Aufl.). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Egg, R. (1999). Zur Rückfälligkeit von Sexualstraftätern. Kriminalistik, 53, 367–373.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emmons, R.A. (1986). Personal strivings: An approach to personality and subjective well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1058–1068.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emmons, R.A. (1987). Narcissism: Theory and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 11–17.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fahrenberg, J., Hampel, R. & Selg, H. (2001). FPI-R Freiburger Persönlichkeitsinventar (7. Aufl.). Göttingen: Testzentrale.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farwell, L. & Wohlwend-Lloyd, R. (1998). Narcissistic processes: Optimistic expectations, favourable self-evaluations, and self-enhancing attributions. Journal of Personality, 66, 65–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fazio, R.H. (1990). Multiple processes by which attitudes guide behavior: The MODE model as an integrative framework. In M.P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 23, pp. 75–109). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fazio, R.H., Jackson, J.R., Dunton, B.C. & Williams, C.J. (1995). Variability in automatic activation as an unobtrusive measure of racial attitudes: A bona fide pipeline? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 1013–1027.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fazio, R.H., Sanbonmatsu, D.M., Powell, M.C. & Kardes, F.R. (1986). On the automatic activation of attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 229–238.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fazio, R.H. & Williams, C.J. (1986). Attitude accessibility as a moderator of the attitude-perception and attitude-behavior relations: An investigation of the 1984 presidential election. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 505–514.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feather, N.T. (1965). The relationship of expectations of success to need achievement and test anxiety. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1, 118–126.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feather, N.T. (1966). Effects of prior success and failure and expectations of success and subsequent performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3, 287–298.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feingold, A. (1992a). Good-looking people are not what we think. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 304–341.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fenigstein, A., Scheier, M.F. & Buss, A.H. (1975). Public and private self-consciousness: Assessment and theory. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43, 522–527.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Filipp, S.-H. & Klauer, T. (1988). Ein dreidimensionales Modell zur Klassifikation von Formen der Krankheitsbewältigung. In H. Kächele & W. Steffens (Hrsg.), Bewältigung und Abwehr (S. 51–68). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Filipp, S.-H. & Freudenberg, E. (1989). Der Fragebogen zur Erfassung dispositionaler Selbstaufmerksamkeit:(SAM-Fragebogen). Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Filipp, S.-H., Klauer, T., Freudenberg, E. & Ferring, D. (1990). The regulation of well-being in cancer patients: An analysis of coping effectiveness. Psychology and Health, 4, 305–317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fishbein, M. & Ajzen, I. (1974). Attitudes toward objects as predictors of single and multiple behavioral criteria. Psychological Review, 81, 59–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fishbein, M. & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisseni, H.J. & Fennekels, G.P. (1995). Das Assessment Center. Göttingen: Verlag für Angewandte Psychologie.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flynn, J.R. (1987). Massive IQ gains in 14 nations: What IQ tests really measure. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 171–191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Folkman, S. & Lazarus, R. (1980). An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 21, 219–239.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Forer, B.R. (1949). The fallacy of personal validation: A classroom demonstration of gullibility. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 44, 118–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forest, A.L. & Wood, J.V. (2012). When social networking is not working: Individuals with low self-esteem recognize but do not reap the benefits of self-disclosure on Facebook. Psychological Science, 23, 295–302.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Freud, S. (1914). Zur Einführung des Narzißmus. Jahrbuch der Psychoanalyse, 6, 1–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Funkenstein, D.H., King, S.H. & Drolette, M. (1954). The direction of anger during a laboratory stress-inducing situation. Psychosomatic Medicine, 16, 404–413.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Furnham, A., Richards, S.C. & Paulhus, D.L. (2013). The Dark Triad of personality: A 10 year review. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 7, 199–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gable, S.L. (2006). Approach and avoidance social motives and goals. Journal of Personality, 71, 175–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gabriel, M.T., Critelli, J.W. & Ee, J.S. (1994). Narcissistic illusions in selfevaluations of intelligence and attractiveness. Journal of Personality, 62, 143–155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, H. (1983). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gebauer, J.E., Leary, M.R. & Neberich, W. (2012). Unfortunate first names effects of name-based relational devaluation and interpersonal neglect. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 3, 590–596.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gendreau, P., Little, T. & Goggin, C. (1996). A meta-analysis of the predictors of adult offender recidivism: What works! Criminology, 34, 575–607.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghiselli, E.E. (1966). The validity of occupational aptitude tests. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibbs, J.L., Ellison, N.B. & Heino, R.D. (2006). Self-presentation in online personals the role of anticipated future interaction, self-disclosure, and perceived success in Internet dating. Communication Research, 33, 152–177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giesen, H., Böhmeke, W., Effler, M., Hummer, A., Jansen, R., Kötter, B., … & Werner, R.R. (1981). Vom Schüler zum Studenten. Bildungslebensläufe im Längsschnitt. München: Reinhardt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ginsburg, G.P. & Whittemore, R.G. (1968). Creativity and verbal ability: A direct examination of their relationship. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 38, 133–139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glasman, L.R. & Albarracín, D. (2006). Forming attitudes that predict future behavior: A meta-analysis of the attitude-behavior relation. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 778–822.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Glick, P., Larsen, S., Johnson, C. & Branstiter, H. (2005). Evaluations of sexy women in low- and high-status jobs. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 29, 389–395.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goffman, E. (1956). The presentation of self in everyday life. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh Press (deutsch: Wir alle spielen Theater: Die Selbstdarstellung im Alltag. München: Piper, 1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ. New York: Bantam Books (dt.: (1996). Emotionale Intelligenz. München: Hanser).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gottschaldt, K. (1926). Über den Einfluß der Erfahrung auf die Wahrnehmung von Figuren. I. Über den Einfluß gehäufter Einprägung von Figuren auf ihre Sichtbarkeit in umfassenden Konfigurationen. Psychologische Forschung, 8, 261–317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gough, H.G. (1987). Manual for the California Personality Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gough, H.G. (1992). Assessment of creative potential in psychology and the development of a creative temperament scale for the CPI. In J.C. Rosen & P. McReynolds (Eds.), Advances in Psychological Assessment (Vol. 8, pp. 225–257). New York: Plenum Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Graumann, C.F. & Willig, R. (1983). Wert, Wertung, Werthaltung. In H. Thomae (Hrsg.), Enzyklopädie der Psychologie. Band C/IV/1: Theorien und Formen der Motivation (S. 312–396). Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, N.S., Brown, A.S., MacCulloch, M.J., Smith, J. & Snowden, R.J. (2005). An implicit test of the associations between children and sex in pedophiles. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 304–308.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Greenwald, A.G. & Breckler, S.J. (1985). To whom is the self presented? In B.R. Schlenker (Ed.), The self and social life (pp. 126–145). New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwald, A.G., Poehlman, T.A., Uhlmann, E.L. & Banaji, M.R. (2009). Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: III. Meta-analysis of predictive validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 17–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grote, J. & Hajek, G. (1969). Untersuchungen zur Kreativität. Zeitschrift für Pädagogik, 15, 135–171.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gschwendner, T., Hofmann, W. & Schmitt, M. (2006). Moderatoren der Konsistenz implizit und explizit erfasster Einstellungen und Persönlichkeitsmerkmale. Psychologische Rundschau, 57, 13–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Günther, H. (1975). Ein Versuch der Anwendung der "Rokeach Value Scale" in der Bestimmung von Werthaltungen deutscher Austauschschüler. Psychologische Beiträge, 17, 304–320.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guilford, J.P. (1950). Creativity. American Psychologist, 5, 444–454.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haan, N. (1977). Coping and defending. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagemeyer, B., Neberich, W., Asendorpf, J.B. & Neyer, F.J. (2013). (In)congruence of implicit and explicit communal motives predicts the quality and stability of couple relationships. Journal of Personality, 81, 390–402.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hagemeyer, B. & Neyer, F.J. (2012). Assessing implicit motivational orientations in couple relationships: The Partner-related Agency and Communion Test (PACT). Psychological Assessment, 24, 144–128.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, G.C.N. (1995). Sexual offender recidivism revisited: A meta-analysis of recent treatment studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 802–809.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Halpern, D.F. (1992). Sex differences in cognitive abilities (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hancock, J.T. & Toma, C.L. (2009). Putting your best face forward: The accuracy of online dating photographs. Journal of Communication, 59, 367–386.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanke, B., Lohmöller, J.-B. & Mandl, H. (1980). Schülerbeurteilung in der Grundschule: Ergebnisse der Augsburger Längsschnittuntersuchung. München: Oldenbourg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanson, R.K. (1997). How to know what works with sex offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 9, 129–145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanson, R.K. & Bussière, M.T. (1998). Predicting relapse: A meta-analysis of sexual offender recidivism studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 348–362.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hanson, R.K. & Morton-Bourgon, K.E. (2005). The characteristics of persistent sexual offenders: A meta-analysis of recidivism studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 1154–1163.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harrell, T.W. & Harrell, M.S. (1945). Army General Classification Test scores for civilian occupations. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 5, 229–239.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, C.R. (2003). A review of sex differences in sexual jealousy, including self-report data, psychophysiological responses, interpersonal violence, and morbid jealousy. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 7, 102–128.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, G.T., Rice, M.E., Quinsey, V.L., Chaplin, T.C. & Earls, C. (1992). Maximizing the discriminant validity of phallometric assessment data. Psychological Assessment, 4, 502–511.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harter, S. (1982). The Perceived Competence Scale for Children. Child Development, 53, 87–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harter, S. (1990). Causes, correlates, and the functional role of general self-worth: A life-span perspective. In R.J. Sternberg & J. Kolligian,Jr. (Eds.), Competence considered (pp. 67–97). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harter, S. & Pike, R. (1984). The Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children. Child Development, 55, 1969–1982.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Headey, W.B. & Wearing, A.J. (1989). Personality, life-events, and subjective well-being: Toward a dynamic equilibrium model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 731–739.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heath, R.L. & Fogel, D.S. (1978). Terminal and instrumental? An inquiry into Rokeach's value survey. Psychological Reports, 42, 1147–1154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heckhausen, H. (1963). Hoffnung und Furcht in der Leistungsmotivation. Meisenheim am Glan: Anton Hain.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heckhausen, H. (1980). Motivation und Handeln. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heckhausen, J. & Heckhausen, H. (Hrsg.) (2006). Motivation und Handeln (3. Aufl.). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heim, E., Augustiny, K., Blaser, A. & Schaffner, L. (1991). Berner Bewältigungsformen (BEFO). Bern: Huber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Helmke, A. (1992). Selbstvertrauen und schulische Leistungen. Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Helson, R., Roberts, B. & Agronick, G. (1995). Enduringness and change in creative personality and the prediction of occupational creativity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 1173–1183.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hessing, D.J., Elffers, H. & Weigel, R.H. (1988). Exploring the limits of self-reports and reasoned action: An investigation of the psychology of tax evasion behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 405–413.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heyns, R.W., Veroff, J. & Atkinson, J.W. (1958). A scoring manual for the affiliation motive. In J.W. Atkinson (Ed.), Motives in fantasy, action, and society (pp. 205–218). Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofer, J., Busch, H., Bond, M. H., Li, M. & Law, R. (2010). Effects of motive-goal congruence on well-being in the power domain: Considering goals and values in a German and two Chinese samples. Journal of Research in Personality, 44, 610–620.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hofer, J., Chasiotis, A. & Campos, D. (2006). Congruence between social values and implicit motives: Effects on life satisfaction across three cultures. European Journal of Personality, 20, 305–324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hofmann, W., Gawronski, B., Gschwendner, T., Le, H. & Schmitt, M. (2005). A meta-analysis on the correlation between the Implicit Association Test and explicit self-report measures. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 1369–1385.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holland, J.L. (1973). Making vocational choices. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holland, J.L. (1997). Making vocational choices: A theory of vocational personalities and environments (3rd ed.). Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollander, E.P. & Julian, J.W. (1970). Studies in leader legitimacy, influence, and innovation. In L.L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 5, pp. 33–69). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holz-Ebeling, F. & Metzger, A. (1988). Analyse von Komponenten der Selbstaufmerksamkeit. Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 9, 279–294.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horn, W. (1983). Leistungsprüfsystem. Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutteman, R., Nestler, S., Wagner, J., Egloff, B. & Back, M.D. (2015). Wherever I may roam: Processes of self-esteem development from adolescence to emerging adulthood in the context of international student exchange. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 108, 767–783.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Impett, E.A., Gable, S.L. & Peplau, L.A. (2005). Giving up and giving in: The costs and benefits of daily sacrifice in intimate relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 327–344.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Impett, E.A., Strachman, A., Finkel, E.J. & Gable, S.L. (2008). Maintaining sexual desire in intimate relationships: The importance of approach goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 808–823.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Irle, M. & Allehoff, W. (1988). Berufs-Interessen-Test II (B-I-T II) (2. Aufl.). Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jäger, A.O. (1984). Intelligenzstrukturforschung: Konkurrierende Modelle, neue Entwicklungen, Perspektiven. Psychologische Rundschau, 35, 21–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jäger, A.O., Süß, H.-M. & Beauducel, A. (1997). Berliner IntelligenzstrukturTest (BIS, Form 4). Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • James, W. (1890). The principles of psychology (Vol. 1). New York: Holt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jencks, C. S., Acland, M., Bane, H., Cohen, M. J., Jencks, D. C. & Smith, M. (1972). Inequality: A reassessment of the effects of family and schooling in America. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, A.R. (1980). Bias in mental testing. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeserich, W. (1981). Mitarbeiter auswählen und fördern. München: Hanser.

    Google Scholar 

  • John, O.P., Caspi, A., Robins, R.W., Moffitt, T.E. & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1994). The “Little Five”: Exploring the nomological network of the Five-Factor Model of personality in adolescent boys. Child Development, 65, 160–178.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, M.D., Galambos, N.L., Finn, C., Neyer, F.J. & Horne, R. M. (2017). Pathways between self-esteem and depression in couples. Developmental Psychology, 53, 787–799.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jonason, P.K., Webster, G.D., Schmitt, D.P., Li, N.P. & Crysel, L. (2012). The antihero in popular culture: Life history theory and the dark triad personality traits. Review of General Psychology, 16, 192–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E.E. & Pittman, T.S. (1982). Toward a general theory of strategic self-presentation. In J. Suls (Ed.), Psychological perspectives on the self (Vol. 1, pp. 231–262). Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E.E. & Sigall, H. (1971). The bogus-pipeline: A new paradigm for measuring affect and attitude. Psychological Bulletin, 76, 349–364.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joseph, D.L., Jin, J., Newman, D.A. & O’Boyle, E.H. (2015). Why does self-reported emotional intelligence predict job performance? A meta-analytic investigation of mixed EI. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100, 298–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Judge, T.A., Bono, J.E., Ilies, R. & Gerhardt, M.W. (2002). Personality and leadership: A qualitative and quantitative review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 765–780.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Judge, T.A., Colbert, A.E. & Ilies, R. (2004). Intelligence and leadership: A quantitative review and test of theoretical propositions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 542–552.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kandler, C., Riemann, R., Angleitner, A., Spinath, F.M., Borkenau, P. & Penke, L. (2016). The nature of creativity: The roles of genetic factors, personality traits, cognitive abilities, and environmental sources. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 111, 230–249.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kanning, U.P. (2006). Development and validation of a German-language version of the Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire (ICQ). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 22, 43–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karwowski, M., Dul, J., Gralewski, J., Jauk, E., Jankowska, D.M., Gajda, A., … & Benedek, M. (2016). Is creativity without intelligence possible? A necessary condition analysis. Intelligence, 57, 105–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keating, D.P. (1978). A search of social intelligence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 70, 218–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kenny, D.A. & DePaulo, B.M. (1993). Do people know how others view them? An empirical and theoretical account. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 145–161.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kernberg, O.F. (1989). Narcissistic personality disorders. Philadelphia, PA: Harcourt Brace Janovich (dt: 1996, Narzißtische Persönlichkeitsstörungen. Stuttgart: Schattauer).

    Google Scholar 

  • Klauer, T. & Filipp, S.-H. (1994). Trierer Skalen zur Krankheitsbewältigung (TSK). Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohlmann, C.-W. (1990). Streßbewältigung und Persönlichkeit. Bern: Huber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohut, H. (1971). The analysis of the self. New York: International Universities Press. (dt: 1992, Narzißmus: Eine Theorie der Behandlung narzißtischer Persönlichkeitsstörungen (8. Aufl.). Frankfurt/Main: Suhrkamp).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kornadt, H.-J. (1982). Aggressionsmotiv und Aggressionshemmung (Bd. 1–2). Bern: Huber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krampen, G. (1987). Handlungstheoretische Persönlichkeitspsychologie. Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kranzler, J.H. & Jensen, A.R. (1989). Inspection time and intelligence: A meta-analysis. Intelligence, 13, 329–347.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kretschmer, E. (1921). Körperbau und Charakter. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kretschmer, E. (1961). Körperbau und Charakter (23. Aufl.). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krohne, H.W. (Ed.) (1993). Attention and avoidance. Seattle, WA: Hogrefe & Huber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krohne, H.W. & Egloff, B. (1999). Das Angstbewältigungs-Inventar (ABI). Manual. Frankfurt/Main: Swets Test Services. [Computerversion: Mödling (Österreich): Schuhfried]

    Google Scholar 

  • Krohne, H.W., Egloff, B., Kohlmann, C.-W. & Tausch, A. (1996). Untersuchungen mit einer deutschen Version der „Positive and Negative Affect Schedule“ (PANAS). Diagnostica, 42, 139–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Küfner, A.C.P., Dufner, M. & Back, M.D. (2014). Das Dreckige Dutzend und die Niederträchtigen Neun: Kurzskalen zur Erfassung von Narzissmus, Machiavellismus und Psychopathie. Diagnostica, 61, 76–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhl, J. (1983). Motivation, Konflikt und Handlungskontrolle. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhl, J. (1990). Kurzanweisung zum Fragebogen HAKEMP 90. Osnabrück: Universität Osnabrück, Fachbereich Psychologie.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhl, J. (2001). Motivation und Persönlichkeit: Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhl, J. (2010).Individuelle Unterschiede in der Selbststeuerung. In J. Heckhausen & H. Heckhausen (Hrsg.), Motivation und Handeln (4. Aufl., S. 337–363). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Kuster, M., Bernecker, K., Backes, S., Brandstätter, V., Nussbeck, F.W., Bradbury, T.N., … & Bodenmann, G. (2015). Avoidance orientation and the escalation of negative communication in intimate relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109, 262–275.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kyllonen, P.C. & Christal, R.E. (1990). Reasoning ability is (little more than) working memory capacity?! Intelligence, 14, 389–433.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lange, J., Crusius, J. & Hagemeyer, B. (2016). The Evil Queen's dilemma: Linking narcissistic admiration and rivalry to benign and malicious envy. European Journal of Personality, 30, 168–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Langlois, J.H., Kalakanis, L., Rubenstein, A.J., Larson, A., Hallam, M. & Smoot, M. (2000). Maxims or myths of beauty? A meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 390–423.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Laux, L. & Renner, K.-H. (2002). Self-Monitoring und Authentizität: Die verkannten Selbstdarsteller. Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 23, 129–148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laux, L. & Weber, H. (1990). Bewältigung von Emotionen. In K.R. Scherer (Hrsg.), Enzyklopädie der Psychologie. Psychologie der Emotion (S. 560–629). Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, R.S. (1966). Psychological stress and the coping process. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, R.S. (1983). The costs and benefits of denial. In S. Breznitz (Ed.), The denial of stress (pp. 1–30). New York: International Universities Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, R.S. & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leary, M.R. & Atherton, S.C. (1986). Self-efficacy, social anxiety, and inhibition in interpersonal encounters. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 4, 256–267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leary, M.R. & Kowalski, R.M. (1990). Impression management. A literature review and two-component model. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 34–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lennox, R.D. & Wolfe, R.N. (1984). Revision of the Self-Monitoring Scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 1349–1364.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liepmann, D., Beauducel, A., Brocke, B. & Nettelnstroth, W. (2012). IST-Screening: Intelligenz-Struktur-Test – Screening. Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linn, M.C. & Petersen, A.C. (1985). Emergence and characterization of sex differences in spatial ability: A meta-analysis. Child Development, 56, 1479–1498.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, D. & Baumeister, R.F. (2016). Social networking online and personality of self-worth: A meta-analysis. Journal of Research in Personality, 64, 79–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loevinger, J. (1976). Ego development. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lohaus, A., Kessler, T., Thomas, H. & Gediga, G. (1994). Individuelle Unterschiede bei räumlichen Fähigkeiten im Kindesalter. Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie, 26, 373–390.

    Google Scholar 

  • López Bóo F, Rosi, M.A. & Urzúa, S.S. (2013). The labor market return to an attractive face: Evidence from a field experiment. Economic Letters, 118, 170–172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lord, R.G., De Vader, C.L. & Alliger, G.M. (1986). A meta-analysis of the relation between personality traits and leadership perceptions: An application of validity generalization procedures. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 402–410.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lovejoy, A.O. (1950). Terminal and adjectival values. Journal of Philosophy, 47, 593–608.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lucas, R.E. & Baird, B.M. (2004). Extraversion and emotional reactivity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 473–485.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Luciano, E.C. & Orth, U. (2017). Transitions in romantic relationships and development of self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 112, 307–328.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Luhmann, M., Hofmann, W., Eid, M. & Lucas, R.E. (2012). Subjective well-being and adaptation to life events: A meta-analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102, 592–615.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mackintosh, N.J. (2011). IQ and human intelligence (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcus, B., Funke, U. & Schuler, H. (1997). Integrity Tests als spezielle Gruppe eignungsdiagnostischer Verfahren: Literaturüberblick und metaanalytische Befunde zur Konstruktvalidität. Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie, 41, 2–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Markus, H. (1977). Self-schemata and processing information about the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 63–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marsh, H.W., Craven, R.G. & Debus, R. (1991). Self-concepts of young children 5 to 8 years of age: Measurement and multidimensional structure. Journal of Educational Psychology, 83, 377–392.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marsh, H.W. & Hau, K.-T. (2004). Explaining paradoxical relations between academic self-concepts and achievements: Cross.cultural generalizability of the Internal/External Frame of Reference predictions across 26 countries. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96, 56–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marsh, H.W. & O'Neill, R. (1984). Self Description Questionnaire III: The construct validity of multidimensional self-concept ratings by late adolescents. Journal of Educational Measurement, 21, 153–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marsh, H.W., Smith, I.D. & Barnes, J. (1983). Multitrait-multimethod analyses of the Self-Description Questionnaire: Student-teacher agreement on multidimensional ratings of student self-concept. American Educational Research Journal, 20, 333–357.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marsh, H.W., Trautwein, U., Lüdtke, O., Köller, O. & Baumert, J. (2006). Integration of multidimensional self-concept and core personality constructs: Construct validation and relations to well-being and achievement. Journal of Personality, 74, 403–456.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maslow, A.H. (1954). Motivation and personality. New York: Harper & Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maslow, A.H. (1955). Deficiency motivation and growth motivation. In M.R. Jones (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (Vol. 3, pp. 1–30). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matarazzo, J.D. (1972). Wechsler's measurement and appraisal of adult intelligence (5th ed.). Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthews, G., Emo, A.K., Funke, G., Zeidner, M., Roberts, R.D., Costa, P.T.,Jr. & Schulze, R. (2006). Emotional intelligence, personality, and task-induced stress. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 12, 96–107.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, J.D., Roberts, R.D. & Barsade, S.G. (2008). Human abilities: Emotional intelligence. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 507–536.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, J.D., Salovey, P, Caruso, D.R. & Sitarenios, G. (2003). Modeling and measuring emotional intelligence with the MSCEIT V2.0. Emotion, 3, 97–105.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McAdams, D.P. (1980). A thematic coding system for the intimacy motive. Journal of Research in Personality, 14, 413–432.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McClelland, D.C. (1985). How motives, skills, and values determine what people do. American Psychologist, 40, 812–825.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mead, G.H. (1934). Mind, self, and society. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mednick, M.P. & Andrews, S.M. (1967). Creative thinking and level of intelligence. Journal of Creative Behavior, 1, 428–431.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Metalsky, G.L., Halberstadt, L.J. & Abramson, L.Y. (1987). Vulnerability to depressive mood reactions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 386–393.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, W.-V. (1973). Leistungsmotiv und Ursachenerklärung von Erfolg und Mißerfolg. Stuttgart: Klett.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, S.M. (1990). To see or not to see: Cognitive informational styles in the coping process. In M. Rosenbaum (Ed.), Learnt resourcefulness (pp. 95–126). New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moser, K., Diemand, A. & Schuler, H. (1996). Inkonsistenz und Soziale Fertigkeiten als zwei Komponenten von Self-Monitoring. Diagnostica, 42, 268–283.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mumford, M.D. & Gustafson, S.B. (1988). Creativity syndrome: Integration, application, and innovation. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 27–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mund, M., Finn, C., Hagemeyer, B., Zimmermann, J. & Neyer, F.J. (2015). The dynamics of self-esteem in partner relationships. European Journal of Personality, 29, 235–249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mund, M. & Neyer, F.J. (2016). Rising high or falling deep? Pathways of self-esteem in a representative German sample. European Journal of Personality, 30, 341–357.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, N.A. & Hall, J.A. (2011). Intelligence and interpersonal sensitivity: A meta-analysis. Intelligence, 39, 54–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murray, H.A. (1938). Explorations in personality. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray, H.A. (1943). Thematic Apperception Test manual. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mussel, P. (2003). Persönlichkeitsinventar zur Integritätsabschätzung (PIA). In J. Erpenbeck & L. von Rosenstiel (Hrsg.), Handbuch Kompetenzmessung (S. 3–18). Stuttgart: Schäffer-Poeschel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers, D.G. & Diener, E. (1995). Who is happy? Psychological Science, 6, 10–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Myrtek, M. (1998b). Gesunde Kranke – kranke Gesunde. Bern: Huber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neisser, U. (Ed.) (1998). The rising curve: Long-term gains in IQ and related measures. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nosek, B.A. (2005). Moderators of the relatiionship between implicit and explicit attitudes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 134, 565–584.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nowack, W. & Kammer, D. (1987). Self-presentation: Social skill and inconsistency as independent facets of self-monitoring. European Journal of Personality, 1, 61–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nye, C.D., Su, R., Rounds, J. & Drasgow, F. (2012). Vocational interests and performance a quantitative summary of over 60 years of research. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7, 384–403.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ones, D.S., Viswesvaran, C. & Schmidt, F.L. (1993). Comprehensive metaanalysis of integrity test validities: Findings and implications for personnel selection and theories of job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 679–703.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Opaschowski, H.W. (2006). Einführung in die Freizeitwissenschaft (4. Aufl.). Wiesbaden: VS, Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orth, U. & Robins, R.W. (2013). Understanding the link between low self-esteem and depression. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22, 455–460.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orth, U. & Robins, R.W. (2014). The development of self-esteem. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23, 381–387.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orth, U., Robins, R.W. & Widaman, K.F. (2012). Life-span development of self-esteem and its effects on important life outcomes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102, 1271–1288.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ostendorf, F. & Angleitner, A. (2003). NEO-Persönlichkeitsinventar (revidierte Form, NEO-PI-R) nach Costa und McCrae. Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Sullivan, M., Guilford, J.P. & deMille, R. (1965). The measurement of social intelligence (Techn. Rep. No.34). Los Angeles, CA: University of Southern California.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parks-Leduc, L., Feldman, G. & Bardi, A. (2015). Personality traits and personal values: A meta-analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 19, 3–29.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, T. (1951). The social system. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paulhus, D.L. (1998). Interpersonal and intrapsychic adaptiveness of trait self-enhancement: A mixed blessing? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1197–1208.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paulhus, D.L. (2014). Toward a taxonomy of dark personalities. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23, 421–426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paulhus, D.L. & Martin, C.L. (1988). Functional flexibility: A new conception of interpersonal flexibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 88–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paulhus, D.L. & Williams, K.M. (2002). The Dark Triad of personality: Narcissism, machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality, 36, 556–563.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pennebaker, J.W. (1989). Confession, inhibition, and disease. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 22, pp. 211–244). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perry, R., Sibley, C.G. & Duckitt, J. (2013). Dangerous and competitive worldviews: A meta-analysis of their associations with social dominance orientation and right-wing authoritarianism. Journal of Research in Personality, 47, 116–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petermann, F. & Petermann, U. (Hrsg.) (2007). Hamburg-Wechsler-Intelligenztest für Kinder IV (HAWIK-IV). Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, C., Seligman, M.E.P. & Vaillant, G. (1988). Pessimistic explanatory style is a risk factor for physical illness. A thirty-five year longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 23–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, C., Semmel, A., Baeyer, Cvon., Abramson, L.Y, Metalsky, G.L. & Seligman, M.E.P. (1982). The Attributional Style Questionnaire. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 6, 287–299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pfister, H.-R. & Jäger, A.O. (1992). Topografische Analysen zum Berliner Intelligenzstrukturmodell BIS. Diagnostica, 38, 91–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piaget, J. & Inhelder, B. (1971). Die Entwicklung des räumlichen Denkens beim Kinde. Stuttgart: Klett.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piepenburg, A. & Kandler, C. (2015). Entwicklung und Validierung des Fragebogen-Inventars für Freizeitinteressen (FIFI). Diagnostica, 62, 126–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pietschnig, J. & Voracek, M. (2015). One century of global IQ gains: A formal meta-analysis of the Flynn effect (1909–2013). Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10, 282–306.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pöhlmann, K. & Brunstein, J.C. (1997). GOALS: Ein Fragebogen zur Messung von Lebenszielen. Diagnostica, 43, 63–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poppe, P., Stiensmeier-Pelster, J. & Pelster, A. (2005). Attributionsfragebogen für Erwachsene. Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pratto, F., Sidanius, J., Stallworth, L. & Malle, B. (1994). Social dominance orientation: A personality variable predicting social and political attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 741–763.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prediger, D.L. (1982). Dimensions underlying Holland’s hexagon: Missing link between interests and occupations? Journal of Vocational Behavior, 21, 259–287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raskin, R. & Terry, H. (1988). A principal-components analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 890–902.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raven, J.C. (1938). Progressive matrices. London, UK: Lewis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reicherts, M. & Perrez, M. (1993). Fragebogen zum Umgang mit Belastungen im Verlauf. Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Renner, W. (2003). Human values: A lexical perspective. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 127–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Renz, U. (2006). Schönheit. Eine Wissenschaft für sich. Berlin: Berlin Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rettenberger, M., Eher, R., Desmarais, S.L., Hurducas, C., Arbach-Lucioni, K., Condemarin, C., … & Singh, J.P. (2017). Kriminalprognosen in der Praxis. Die Ergebnisse des International Risk Surveys (IRiS) aus Deutschland. Diagnostica, 63, 2–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Revers, W.J. & Allesch, C.G. (1985). Thematischer Gestaltungstest (Salzburg). Weinheim: Beltz.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes, G. (2006). The evolutionary psychology of facial beauty. Annual Review of Psychology, 57, 199–226.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rhodewalt, F., Madrian, J.C. & Cheney, S. (1998). Narcissism, affective reactivity, and self-esteem instability: The effect of self-knowledge organization and daily experiences on daily mood. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 75–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ricken, G., Fritz, A., Schuck, K.D. & Preuß, U. (2007). HAWIVA-III Hannover-Wechsler-Intelligenztest für das Vorschulalter – III. Göttingen: Testzentrale.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riemann, R. & Allgöwer, A. (1993). Eine deutschsprachige Fassung des »Interpersonal Compentence Questionnaire« (ICQ). Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 14, 153–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rindermann, H. (2009). Emotionale-Kompetenz-Fragebogen (EKF). Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, R.D., Zeidner, M. & Matthews, G. (2001). Does emotional intelligence meet traditional standards for an intelligence? Some new data and conclusions. Emotion, 1, 196–231.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rohrmann, S., Hodapp, V., Schnell, K., Tibubos, A., Schwenkmezger, P. & Spielberger, C.D. (2013). STAXI-2. Das State-Trait-Ärgerausdrucksinventar – 2. Bern: Huber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rokeach, M. (1973). The nature of human values. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rokeach, M. (1979). Understanding human values. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rokeach, M. (1985). Inducing change and stability in belief systems and personality structures. Journal of Social Issues, 41, 153–171.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal, R., Hall, J.A., Archer, D., DiMatteo, M.R. & Rogers, P.L. (1979). Sensitivity to nonverbal communication: The PONS test. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rost, D.H. (2008). Multiple Intelligenzen, multiple Irritationen. Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie, 22, 97–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roth, B., Becker, N., Romeyke, S., Schäfer, S., Domnick, F. & Spinath, F.M. (2015). Intelligence and school grades: A meta-analysis. Intelligence, 53, 118–137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rotter, J.B. (1954). Social learning and clinical psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Russ, S.W. (1993). Affect and creativity. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryff, C.D. & Keyes, C.L.M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 719–727.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sackett, P.R. & Dreher, G.F. (1982). Constructs and assessment center dimensions: Some troubling empirical findings. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67, 401–410.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salovey, P. & Mayer, J.D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9, 185–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saucier, G. (1994). Trapnell versus the lexical factor: More ado about nothing? European Journal of Personality, 8, 191–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scheier, M.F. & Carver, C.S. (1987). Dispositional optimism on psychological and physical well-being. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 16, 201–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, F.L. & Hunter, J.E. (1998). The validity and utility of selection methods in personnel psychology: Practical and theoretical implications of 85 years of research findings. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 262–274.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmutte, P.S. & Ryff, C.D. (1997). Personality and well-being: Reexamining methods and meanings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 549–559.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schnabel, K., Greenwald, A.G. & Asendorpf, J.B. (2008). Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test V: Measuring semantic aspects of trait self-concepts. European Journal of Personality, 22, 695–706.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, D.J. (1981). Tactical self-presentations: Toward a broader perspective. In J.T. Tedeschi (Ed.), Impression management: Theory and social psychological research (pp. 23–40). New York: Academic Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Schönbrodt, F.D. & Asendorpf, J.B. (2011). Virtual social environments as a tool for psychological assessment: Dynamics of interaction with a virtual spouse. Psychological Assessment, 23, 7–17.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scholz, G. & Schuler, H. (1993). Das nomologische Netzwerk des Assessment Centers: Eine Metaanalyse. Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie, 37, 73–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schröder, K.E.E. (1993). Probleme der Begriffsbildung in der Handlungskontrolltheorie von J. Kuhl. Egelbach: Hänsel-Hohenhausen, Reihe DHS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schuler, H. (2002). Emotionale Intelligenz – ein irreführender und unnötiger Begriff. Zeitschrift für Personalpsychologie, 1, 138–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schuler, H. (2005). Lehrbuch der Personalpsychologie ( 2. Aufl. ). Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schuler, H. & Berger, W. (1979). Physische Attraktivität als Determinante von Beurteilung und Einstellungsempfehlung. Psychologie und Praxis, 2, 59–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schuler, H., Diemand, A. & Moser, K. (1993). Filmszenen: Entwicklung und Konstruktvalidierung eines neuen eignungsdiagnostischen Verfahrens. Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie, 37, 3–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schuler, H., Funke, U., Moser, K. & Donat, M. (1995). Personalauswahl in Forschung und Entwicklung. Göttingen: Verlag für Psychologie.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schütz, A., Marcus, B. & Sellin, I. (2004). Die Messung von Narzissmus als Persönlichkeitskonstrukt: Psychometrische Eigenschaften einer Lang- und Kurzform des Deutschen NPI (Narcissistic Personality Inventory). Diagnostica, 50, 202–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, S.H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. In M.P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 25, pp. 1–65). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, S.H. & Bilsky, W. (1987). Toward a psychological structure of human values. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 550–562.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, S.H. & Bilsky, W. (1990). Toward a theory of the universal content and structure of values: Extensions and cross-cultural replications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 878–891.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, S.H. & Boehnke, K. (2004). Evaluating the structure of human values with confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of Research in Personality, 38, 230–255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwarzer, R. (2000). Stress, Angst und Handlungsregulation (4. Aufl.). Stuttgart: Kohlhammer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwarzer, R. & Jerusalem, M. (1989). Erfassung leistungsbezogener und allgemeiner Kontroll- und Kompetenzerwartungen. In G. Krampen (Hrsg.), Diagnostik von Attributionen und Kontrollüberzeugungen (S. 127–133). Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schweizer, K. (1993). Verbal ability and speed of information-processing. Personality and Individual Differences, 15, 645–652.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwenkmezger, P. (1990). Ärger, Ärgerausdruck und Gesundheit. In R. Schwarzer (Hrsg.), Gesundheitspsychologie (S. 295–310). Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Selye, H. (1950). The physiology and pathology of exposure to stress. Montreal, Canada: Acta medica.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shavelson, R.J., Hubner, J.J. & Stanton, G.C. (1976). Validation of construct interpretations. Review of Educational Research, 45, 407–441.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheldon, W.H., Stevens, S.S. & Tucker, W.B. (1940). The varieties of human physique. New York: Harper.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheppard, B.H., Hartwick, J. & Warshaw, P.R. (1988). A theory of reasoned action: A meta-analysis of past research with recommendations for modifications and future research. Journal of Consumer Research, 15, 325–343.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sherman, R.C., End, C., Kraan, E., Cole, A., Campbell, J., Klausner, J. & Birchmeier, Z. (2001). Metaperception in cyberspace. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 4, 123–129.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shrauger, J.S. & Schoeneman, T.J. (1979). Symbolic interactionist view of self-concept: Through the looking glass darkly. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 549–573.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sibley, C.G. & Duckitt, J. (2008). Personality and prejudice. A meta-analysis and theoretical review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 12, 248–279.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sibley, C.G., Wilson, M.S. & Duckitt, J. (2007). Effects of dangerous and competitive worldviews on right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation over a five-month period. Political Psychology, 28, 357–371.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simonton, D.K. (1984). Leaders as eponyms: Individual and situational determinants of monarchal eminence. Journal of Personality, 52, 1–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simonton, D.K. (1985). Intelligence and personal influence in groups: Four nonlinear models. Psychological Review, 92, 532–547.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simonton, D.K. (1987). Why presidents succeed: A political psychology of leadership. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Simonton, D.K. (1990). Psychology, science, and history: An introduction to historiometry. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Simonton, D.K. (1998). Mad King George: The impact of personal and political stress on mental and physical health. Journal of Personality, 66, 443–466.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, D. (1993). Adaptive significance of female physical attractiveness: Role of waist-to-hip ratio. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 293–307.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, C.A. & Lazarus, R.S. (1990). Emotion and adaptation. In L.A. Pervin (Ed.), Handbook of personality (pp. 609–637). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Snyder, C.R. & Shenkel, RJ. (1975). The P.T. Barnum effect. Psychology Today, 8, 53–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Snyder, M. (1974). Self-monitoring of expressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 30, 526–537.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Snyder, M. (1987). Public appearance/Private realities. The psychology of self-monitoring. New York: Freeman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sowislo, J.F. & Orth, U. (2013). Does low self-esteem predict depression and anxiety? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin, 139, 213–240.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spearman, C. (1904). „General intelligence" objectively determined and measured. American Journal of Psychology, 15, 201–293.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stadtland, C., Hollweg, M., Kleindienst, N., Dietl, J., Reich, U. & Nedopil, N. (2006). Rückfallprognosen bei Sexualstraftätern—Vergleich der prädiktiven Validität von Prognoseinstrumenten. Der Nervenarzt, 77, 587–595.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steel, P., Schmidt, J. & Shultz, J. (2008). Refining the relationship between personality and subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 138–161.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stemmler, G., Schäfer, H. & Marwitz, M. (1992). Zum Konzept und zu den Operationalisierungen von Stilen der Ärgerverarbeitung. In V. Hodapp & P. Schwenkmezger (Hrsg.), Ärger und Ärgerausdruck (S. 71–111). Bern: Huber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stern, E. & Neubauer, A. (2013). Intelligenz. Große Unterschiede und ihre Folgen. München: Deutsche Verlagsanstalt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stern, W. (1912). Die psychologischen Methoden der Intelligenzprüfung. In F. Schumann (Hrsg.), Bericht über den 5. Kongreß für Experimentelle Psychologie in Berlin (S. 1–109). Leipzig: Barth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sternberg, R.J. (1985). Beyond IQ: A triarchic theory of human intelligence. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sternberg, R.J., Grigorenko, E.L. & Singer, J.L. (2004). Creativity: From potential to realization. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Stiensmeier-Pelster, J. & Heckhausen, H. (2010). Kausalattribution von Verhalten und Leistung. In J. Heckhausen & H. Heckhausen (Hrsg.), Motivation und Handeln (4. Aufl., S. 389–426). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Stogdill, R.M. (1948). Personal factors associated with leadership: A survey of the literature. Journal of Psychology, 25, 37–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone, W.F., Lederer, G. & Christie, R. (1993). Introduction: Strength and weakness. In W.F. Stone, G. Lederer & R. Christie (Eds.), Strength and weakness: The authoritarian personality today (pp. 3–21). New York: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Strack, F. & Deutsch, R. (2004). Reflective and impulsive determinants of social behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 8, 220–247.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suh, E., Diener, E. & Fujita, F. (1996). Events and subjective well-being: Only recent events matter. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 1091–1102.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Swann, W.B.,Jr. (1983). Self-verification: Bringing social reality into harmony with the self. In J. Suls & A.G. Greenwald (Eds.), Psychological perspectives on the self (Vol. 2., pp. 33–66). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swann, W.B.,Jr., Wenzlaff, R.M., Krull, D.S. & Pelham, B.W. (1992). Allure of negative feedback: Self-verification strivings among depressed persons. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101, 293–306.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, S.E. & Brown, J.D. (1988). Illusion and well-being: A social-psychological perspective on mental health. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 193–210.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Teglasi, H. & Hoffmann, M.A. (1982). Causal attributions of shy subjects. Journal of Research in Personality, 16, 376–385.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Terman, L.M. (1904). A preliminary study of the psychology of the pedagogy of leadership. Pedagogical Seminary, 11, 413–451.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tesser, A. (1993). The importance of heritability in psychological research: The case of attitudes. Psychological Review, 100, 129–142.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tett, R.P. & Christiansen, N.D. (2008). Personality assessment in organizations. In G.J. Boyle, G. Matthews & D.H. Saklofske (Eds.), Handbook of personality theory and assessment (Vol. 1, pp. 720–742). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tewes, U. (1983). HAWIK-R: Hamburg-Wechsler-Intelligenztest für Kinder (Revision 1983). Bern: Huber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tewes, U. (1994). Hamburg-Wechsler Intelligenztest für Erwachsene, Revision 1991 (HAWIE-R) (2. Aufl.). Göttingen: Testzentrale.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thorndike, E.L. (1920). Intelligence and its uses. Harper's Magazine, 140, 227–235.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thornton, G.C.III., Gaugler, B.B., Rosenthal, D.B. & Bentson, C. (1987). Die prädiktive Validität des Assessment Centers – eine Metaanalyse. In H. Schuler & W. Stehle (Hrsg.), Assessment Center als Methode der Personalentwicklung (S. 36–60). Göttingen: Verlag für Angewandte Psychologie.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thurstone, L.L. (1938). Primary mental abilities. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thurstone, L.L. & Thurstone, T.G. (1941). Factorial studies of intelligence. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toma, C.L. & Hancock, J.T. (2010). Looks and lies: The role of physical attractiveness in online dating self-presentation and deception. Communication Research, 37, 335–351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toma, C.L., Hancock, J. & Ellison, N. (2008). Separating fact from fiction: An examination of deceptive self-presentation in online dating profiles. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 1023–1036.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tong, S.T., Van Der Heide, B., Langwell, L. & Walther, J.B. (2008). Too much of a good thing? The relationship between number of friends and interpersonal impressions on Facebook. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13, 531–549.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trapnell, P.D. (1994). Openness versus intellect: A lexical left turn. European Journal of Personality, 8, 273–290.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trost, G. (1994). Test für medizinische Studiengänge (TMS): Studien zur Evaluation (18. Arbeitsbericht). Bonn: ITB.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trzesniewski, K.H., Donnellan, M.B. & Robins, R.W. (2003). Stability of self-esteem across the life span. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 205–220.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ullrich, R. & de Muynck, R. (1998). ATP (Assertivness Training Programm): Einübung von Selbstvertrauen und sozialer Kompetenz. München: Pfeiffer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaitl, D. (1995). Interozeption: ein neues interdisziplinäres Forschungsfeld. Psychologische Rundschau, 46, 171–185.

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Zee, K., Thijs, M. & Schakel, L. (2002). The relationship of emotional intelligence with academic intelligence and the Big Five. European Journal of Personality, 16, 103–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vazire, S. & Gosling, S.D. (2004). e-perceptions: Personality impressions based on personal websites. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 123–132.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • von Aster, M., Neubauer, A. & Horn, R. (2006). WIE Wechsler Intelligenztest für Erwachsene. Göttingen: Testzentrale.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Collani, G. & Herzberg, P.Y. (2003). Eine revidierte Fassung der deutschsprachigen Skala zum Selbstwertgefühl von Rosenberg. Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 24, 3–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wallach, M.A. (1976). Tests tell us little about talent. American Scientist, 64, 57–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, D., Clark, L.A. & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063–1070.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wechsler, D. (1939). The measurement of adult intelligence. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Weeden, J. & Sabini, J. (2005). Physical attractiveness and health in Western Societies: A review. Psychological Bulletin, 131, 635–653.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weidenmann, B. (2010). Handbuch Kreativität. Weinheim: Beltz Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weigel, R.H. & Newman, I.S. (1976). Increasing attitude-behavior correspondance by broadening the scope of the behavioral measure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 33, 793–802.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weiner, B. (1980). Human motivation. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinert, A.B., Streufert, S.C. & Hall, B.W. (Hrsg.) (1982). California Psychological Inventory – Deutsche Fassung. Bern: Huber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinert, F.E. & Schneider, W. (Eds.) (1999). Individual development from 3 to 12: Findings from a longitudinal study. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weingart, P, Kroll, J. & Bayertz, K. (1988). Rasse, Blut und Gene: Geschichte der Eugenik und Rassenhygiene in Deutschland. Frankfurt/Main: Suhrkamp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weisbuch, M., Ivevic, Z. & Ambady, N. (2009). On being liked on the web and in the “real world”: Consistency in first impressions across personal webpages and spontaneous behavior. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 573–576.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Weiß, R. H. (2008). Grundintelligenztest Skala 2 – Revision (CFT 20-R). Göttingen: Hogrefe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westphal, K. (1931). Körperbau und Charakter der Epileptiker. Nervenarzt, 4, 96–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wicker, A.W. (1969). Attitude versus action: The relationship of verbal and overt behavioral responses to attitude objects. Journal of Social Issues, 25, 41–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, R.E., Gosling, S.D. & Graham, L.T. (2012). A review of facebook research in the social sciences. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7, 203–220.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Winter, D.G. (1973). The power motive. New York: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winter, D.G. (1987). Leader appeal, leader performance, and the motive profiles of leaders and followers: A study of American Presidents and elections. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 196–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Winter, D.G. (1988). The power motive in women - and men. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 510–519.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Winter, D.G. (2010). Why achievement motivation predicts success in business but failure in politics: The importance of personal control. Journal of Personality, 78, 1637–1667.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Winter, D.G. (2011). Philosopher-King or polarizing politician? A personality profile of Barack Obama. Political Psychology, 32, 1059–1081.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Winter, D.G. & Stewart, A.J. (1977). Power motive reliability as a function of retest instructions. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43, 436–440.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Witkin, H.A. (1950). Individual differences in ease of perception of embedded figures. Journal of Personality 19, 1–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Woods, F.A. (1911). Historiometry as an exact science. Science, 33, 568–574.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wrzus, C. & Neyer, F.J. (2016). Co-development of personality and friendships across the lifespan: An empirical review on selection and socialization. European Psychologist, 21, 254–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wurf, E. & Markus, H. (1991). Possible selves and the psychology of personal growth. In D. Ozer, J.M. Healy & A.J. Stewart (Eds.), Perspectives in personality (pp. 39–62). London, UK: Kingsley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wurst, S.N., Gerlach, T.M., Dufner, M., Rauthmann, J.F., Grosz, M.P., Küfner, A.P., … & Back, M.D. (2017). Narcissism and romantic relationships: The differential impact of narcissistic admiration and rivalry. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 112, 280–306.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Young, S.M. & Pinsky, D. (2006). Narcissism and celebrity. Journal of Research in Personality, 40, 463–471.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zajonc, R.B. (1968). Attitudinal effects of mere exposure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Monograph Supplement, 9, 1–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, H. & Seibert, S. E. (2006). The Big Five personality dimensions and entrepreneurial status: A meta-analytical review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 259–271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zywica, J. & Danowski, J. (2008). The faces of facebookers: Investigating social enhancement and social compensation hypotheses; predicting Facebook™ and offline popularity from sociability and self-esteem, and mapping the meanings of popularity with semantic networks. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14, 1–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Neyer, F.J., Asendorpf, J.B., Asendorpf, J.B. (2018). Persönlichkeitsbereiche. In: Psychologie der Persönlichkeit. Springer-Lehrbuch. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54942-1_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54942-1_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-54941-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-54942-1

  • eBook Packages: Psychology (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics