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Mixed-Species Forests: The Development of a Forest Management Paradigm

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Mixed-Species Forests

Abstract

In this chapter we show that most forests are naturally mixed and species diverse. However, the degree of species richness varies considerably and declines from tropical to temperate and boreal regions. The compositional and structural diversity of man-made or secondary forests is in most cases substantially lower than in the original, unmanaged native forest. The greater simplicity of managed, secondary forests has a number of causes including historical factors, current management goals focussing on commodity production, and the desire to reduce management complexity. The greater simplicity of these even-aged and monospecific managed forests was seen as the root cause for problems related to their ecological stability. This has triggered the development of alternative silvicultural approaches, initially in Central Europe, which promoted more natural, mixed-species, and structurally diverse forests. However, the initial movements towards a more natural, alternative forest management were not well supported by scientific evidence until the end of the twentieth century. Today, compositionally and structurally diverse forests represent an important element of approaches to deliver a wide range of ecosystem goods and services in the context of sustainable forest management. In addition, diverse forests are being regarded as more resistant, resilient, and adaptable in the face of global change.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    In this context, ecosystem functioning refers to ecosystem properties (e.g. compartments or pools and processes or fluxes) that facilitate the provision of ecosystem goods and services.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79106, Freiburg, Germany

    Jürgen Bauhus

  2. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland

    David I. Forrester

  3. Chair for Forest Growth and Yield Science, Faculty of Forest Science and Resource Management, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany

    Hans Pretzsch

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  1. Jürgen Bauhus
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  2. David I. Forrester
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  3. Hans Pretzsch
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Correspondence to Jürgen Bauhus .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Forest Science and Resource Management, Chair for Forest Growth and Yield Science, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany

    Hans Pretzsch

  2. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland

    David I. Forrester

  3. Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Silviculture, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

    Jürgen Bauhus

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Bauhus, J., Forrester, D.I., Pretzsch, H. (2017). Mixed-Species Forests: The Development of a Forest Management Paradigm. In: Pretzsch, H., Forrester, D., Bauhus, J. (eds) Mixed-Species Forests. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54553-9_1

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