Abstract
For electron energies \(E>15\) GeV and momentum transfers \(Q^2 > 1\) GeV\(^2\), the scattering takes place off the constituents of the nucleon. Historically, these constituents were christened partons. The name parton includes all the nucleon constituents observed in high-energy scattering: valence quarks, sea quarks and gluons. The term valence quarks refers to the three quarks that contribute to the baryon number and charge of the nucleon, while the sea quarks are produced in equilibrium with the gluons through pair creation and annihilation. This separation is, though, somewhat artificial. In lepton scattering, one only sees the quarks, which have both an electric and a weak charge.
In jeden Quark begräbt er seine Nase.
Mephistopheles in Goethe’s Faust
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F. Halzen, A.D. Martin, Quarks and Leptons (Wiley, New York, 1984)
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J.D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics (Wiley, New York, 1975)
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B. Povh et al., Particles and Nuclei (Springer, Berlin, 2015)
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Povh, B., Rosina, M. (2017). Quasi-elastic Scattering – Virtual Photons and Gluons. In: Scattering and Structures. Graduate Texts in Physics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54515-7_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54515-7_3
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