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Endocrine Surgery in Children pp 389–401Cite as

Gynecomastia

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Abstract

The term gynaecomastia refers to the appearance of breast-like tissue in males. It is caused by a benign proliferation of the glandular component of male breast tissue. It is common in infancy, adolescence, and in adulthood from middle age onwards. Most commonly caused by increased oestrogen, decreased androgen, or the use of numerous medications, gynaecomastia can be unilateral or bilateral and presents as a rubbery or firm mass extending concentrically from beneath the nipple–areolar complex. Pseudogynaecomastia, often seen in obesity, refers to accumulation of fat in the breast region without the glandular proliferation.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, OX3, UK

    Tim Goodacre

  2. Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Odstock Rd, Salisbury, SP2 8BJ, UK

    Gavin McCoubrey

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  1. Tim Goodacre
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  2. Gavin McCoubrey
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Correspondence to Tim Goodacre .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA

    Daniel J. Ledbetter

  2. Academic Pediatric Surgery Unit, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

    Paul R.V. Johnson

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Goodacre, T., McCoubrey, G. (2018). Gynecomastia. In: Ledbetter, D., Johnson, P. (eds) Endocrine Surgery in Children. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54256-9_29

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54256-9_29

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-54254-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-54256-9

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