Abstract
Ectopic parathyroid glands may account for up to 20% of hyperactive glands in primary hyperparathyroidism [1–3]. Ectopic glands most commonly may be found in or near the thymus within the superior mediastinum, but they also may be located within the carotid sheath, posterior to the esophagus, within the thyroid itself, above the hyoid cartilage, or deeper within the mediastinum. Mediastinal glands usually are located in the anterior superior mediastinum, often within the thymus. Almost all of them can be reached through a cervical incision, but about 2% of all mediastinal glands cannot be reached through a cervical approach [3, 4].
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Prinz RA, Lonchyna V, Carnaille B, Wurtz A, Proye C. Thoracoscopic excision of enlarged mediastinal parathyroid glands. Surgery. 1994;116:999–1004.
Nwariaku FE, Snyder WH, Burkey SH, Watumull L, Mathews D. Inframanubrial parathyroid glands in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism: alternatives to sternotomy. World J Surg. 2005;29:491–4.
Wick M, Rosai J. Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the mediastinum. Semin Diagn Pathol. 1991;8:35–51.
Lunca S, Stanescu C, Bouras G, Vix M, Marescaux J. A difficult case of mediastinal parathyroid adenoma: theoretical and clinical considerations. Chirurgia (Bucur). 2004;99:563–6.
Freeman JB, Sherman BM, Mason EE. Transcervical thymectomy. Arch Surg. 1975;111:359–64.
Clark OH. Mediastinal parathyroid tumors. Arch Surg. 1988;123:1096–100.
Russell CF, Grant CS, van Heerden JA. Hyperfunctioning supernumerary parathyroid glands. Mayo Clin Proc. 1982;57:121–4.
Heller HJ, Miller GL, Erdman WA, Snyder 3rd WH, Breslau NA. Angiographic ablation of mediastinal parathyroid adenomas: local experience and review of the literature. Am J Med. 1994;97:529–34.
Medrano C, Hazelrigg SR, Landreneau RJ, Boley TM, Shawgo T, Grasch A. Thoracoscopic resection of ectopic parathyroid glands. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000;69:221–3.
Liu RC, Hill ME, Ryan Jr JA. One-gland exploration for mediastinal parathyroid adenomas: cervical and thoracoscopic approaches. Am J Surg. 2005;189:601–4.
Conn JM, Goncalves MA, Mansour KA, McGarity WC. The mediastinal parathyroid. Am Surg. 1991;57:62–6.
Russell CF, Edis AJ, Scholz DA, Sheedy PF, van Heerden JA. Mediastinal parathyroid tumors: experience with 38 tumors requiring mediastinotomy for removal. Ann Surg. 1981;193:805–9.
Ravipati NB, McLemore EC, Schlinkert RT, Argueta R. Anterior mediastinotomy for parathyroidectomy. Am J Surg. 2008;195:799–802.
Wells SA, Cooper JD. Closed mediastinal exploration in patients with persistent hyperparathyroidism. Ann Surg. 1991;214:555–61.
McIntyre RC, Kumpe DA, Liechty RD. Reexploration and angiographic ablation for hyperparathyroidism. Arch Surg. 1994;129:499–503.
Doherty GM, Doppman JL, Miller DL, Gee MS, Marx SJ, Spiegel AM, et al. Results of a multidisciplinary strategy for management of mediastinal parathyroid adenoma as a cause of persistent primary hyperparathyroidism. Ann Surg. 1992;215:101–6.
Rantis PC, Prinz RA, Wagner RH. Neck radionuclide scanning: a pitfall in parathyroid localization. Am Surg. 1995;61:641–5.
Nilubol N, Beyer T, Prinz RA, Solorzano CC. Mediastinal hyperfunctioning parathyroids: incidence, evolving treatment, and outcome. Am J Surg. 2007;194:53–6.
Randone B, Costi R, Scatton O, Fulla Y, Bertagna X, Soubrane O, Bonnichon P. Thoracoscopic removal of mediastinal parathyroid glands: a critical appraisal of an emerging technique. Ann Surg. 2010;251:717–21.
Ott MC, Malthaner RA, Reid R. Intraoperative radioguided thoracoscopic removal of ectopic parathyroid adenoma. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001;72:1758–60.
Sagan D, Gozdziuk K. Surgical treatment of mediastinal parathyroid adenoma: rationale for intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring. Ann Thorac Surg. 2010;89:1750–5.
Alesina PF, Moka D, Mahlstedt J, Walz MK. Thoracoscopic removal of mediastinal hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands: personal experience and review of the literature. World J Surg. 2008;32:224–31.
Harvey A, Bohacek L, Neumann D, Mihaljevic T, Berber E. Robotic thoracoscopic mediastinal parathyroidectomy for persistent hyperparathyroidism: case report and review of the literature. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2011;21:e24–7.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Prinz, R.A., Howington, J.A., Madorin, C.A. (2017). Mediastinal/Thoracoscopic Parathyroidectomy. In: Howe, J. (eds) Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Surgery. Springer Surgery Atlas Series. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54067-1_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54067-1_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-54065-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-54067-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)