Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Grundlagen der Epigenetik

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Epigenetik – Grundlagen und klinische Bedeutung

  • 2801 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Die Epigenetik als Teilbereich der Genetik untersucht die Mechanismen, die die Aktivität unserer Gene verändern ohne die Abfolge der DNA-Bausteine zu modifizieren. Epigenetische Phänomene wurden bereits vor 100 Jahren beschrieben; deren molekulare Mechanismen können jedoch erst seit etwa 20 Jahren entschlüsselt werden. Epigenetische Prozesse sind essenziell für die Entwicklung eines Organismus und die Spezialisierung von Zellen, z. B. zu Nerven- oder Herzzellen. Epigenetische Veränderungen entstehen zum Beispiel durch Umweltfaktoren und Lebensstil und können auch vererbt werden sowie zur Entstehung von Krankheiten, wie z. B. Tumorerkrankungen beitragen.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 19.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 24.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Literatur

  • Alasaari JS, Lagus M, Ollila HM, Toivola A, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Kronholm E, Härmä M, Puttonen S, Paunio T (2012) Environmental stress affects DNA methylation of a CpG rich promoter region of serotonin transporter gene in a nurse cohort. PLoS One 7(9)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ambros V, Chen X (2007) The regulation of genes and genomes by small RNAs. Development 134(9):1635–1641

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Casey G (1997) The BRCA1 and BRCA2 breast cancer genes. Curr Opin Oncol 9(1):88–93

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Champagne FA, Curley JP (2009) Epigenetic mechanisms mediating the long-term effects of maternal care on development. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 33(4):593–600

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Champagne FA, Weaver IC, Diorio J, Dymov S, Szyf M, Meaney M (2006) Maternal care associated with methylation of the estrogen receptor-alpha1b promoter and estrogen receptor-alpha expression in the medial preoptic area of female offspring. Endocrinology 147(6):2909–2915

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chivukula RR, Mendell JT (2009) Abate and switch: miR-145 in stem cell differentiation. Cell 137(4):606–608

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dahm R (2005) Friedrich Miescher and the discovery of DNA. Developmental Biology Vol. 278(2), pp. 274–288

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dahm R (2008). Discovering DNA: Friedrich Miescher and the early years of nucleic acid research. Human Genetics Vol. 122(6), pp. 565–581

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dahm R (2010) From discovering to understanding. Friedrich Miescher's attempts to uncover the function of DNA. EMBO Reports Vol. 11(3), pp. 153–160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gokul G, Khosla S (2013) DNA methylation and cancer. Subcell Biochem 61:597–625

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hammond S (2006) MicroRNAs as oncogenes. Curr Opin Genet Dev 16(1):4–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heard E, Martienssen RA (2014) Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance: myths and mechanisms. Cell 157(1):95–109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heijmans BT, Tobi EW, Stein AD, Putter H, Blauw GJ, Susser ES, Slagboom PE, Lumey L (2008): Persistent epigenetic differences associated with prenatal exposure to famine in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105(44):17046–1749

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jansohn, Rothhämel (2012) Gentechnische Methoden. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Jenuwein T, Allis CD (2001) Translating the histone code. Science 293(5532):1074–1080

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jinek M, Chylinski K, Fonfara I, Hauer M, Doudna JA, Charpentier E. (2012) A programmable dual-RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity. Science 337(6096)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jung M, Pfeifer GP (2015) Aging and DNA methylation. BMC Biol 13

    Google Scholar 

  • Löffler, Petrides, Heinrich (2007) Biochemie und Pathobiochemie, 9. Aufl. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  • Miescher F (1871) Ueber die chemische Zusammensetzung der Eiterzellen. Medicinisch-chemische Untersuchungen Heft 4, S. 441–460

    Google Scholar 

  • Monk D (2015) Germline-derived DNA methylation and early embryo epigenetic reprogramming: The selected survival of imprints. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 67:128–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Navickas R, Gal D, Laucevičius A, Taparauskaitė A, Zdanytė M, Holvoet (2016). Identifying circulating microRNAs as biomarkers of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. Cardiovasc Res 111(4):322–337

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pagliuca FW, Millman JR, Gürtler M, Segel M, Van Dervort A, Ryu JH, Peterson QP, Greiner D, Melton DA (2014) Generation of functional human pancreatic β cells in vitro. Cell. 159(2):428–439

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Piletič K, Kunej T (2016) MicroRNA epigenetic signatures in human disease. Arch Toxicol 90(10):2405–2419

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Renthal W, Nestler E (2009) Histone acetylation in drug addiction. Semin Cell Dev Biol 20(4):387–394

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Selzer, Marhöfer, Rohwer (2004) Angewandte Bioinformatik. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Shankar E, Kanwal R, Candamo M, Gupta S (2016) Dietary phytochemicals as epigenetic modifiers in cancer: Promise and challenges. Semin Cancer Biol 40–41:82–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stresemann C, Lyko (2008). Modes of action of the DNA methyltransferase inhibitors azacytidine and decitabine. Int J Cancer 123(1):8–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi K, Yamanaka S: A decade of transcription factor-mediated reprogramming to pluripotency. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2016; 17(3):183–193

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi K, Yamanaka S. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell. 2006; 126(4):663–676.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson JD, Crick FH (1953) Molecular structure of nucleic acids; a structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid. Nature. 171(4356):737–738

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weaver IC, Cervoni N, Champagne FA, D'Alessio AC, Sharma S, Seckl JR, Dymov S, Szyf M, Meaney MJ (2004) Epigenetic programming by maternal behavior. Nat Neurosci 7(8):847–854

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zeilinger S, Kühnel B, Klopp N, Baurecht H, Kleinschmidt A, Gieger C, Weidinger S, Lattka E, Adamski J, Peters A, Strauch K, Waldenberger M, Illig T (2013) Tobacco smoking leads to extensive genome-wide changes in DNA methylation. PLoS One 8(5)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Weiterführende Literatur zum Thema Epigenetik

    Artikel

    Bücher

    • Armstrong L (2014): Epigenetics: GS Garland Science Taylor & Francis Group (2014). ISBN 978-0-8153-4553-4

      Google Scholar 

    • Carey N (2012): The Epigenetics Revolution: How Modern Biology is Rewriting Our Understanding of Genetics, Disease and Inheritance. Icon Books ISBN: 1848313470

      Google Scholar 

    • Francis R (2011) Epigenetics: The Ultimate Mystery of Inheritance. Norton & Company ISBN: 0393070050

      Google Scholar 

    • Mukherjee S (2016) The Gene: An Intimate History. Scribner ISBN-10: 1476733503

      Google Scholar 

    • Spork P (2009): Der zweite Code: Epigenetik - Oder wie wir unser Erbgut steuern können. Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag ISBN: 3499624400

      Google Scholar 

    Download references

    Author information

    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH, Mainz, Deutschland

      Ralf Dahm

    2. Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH, Mainz, Deutschland

      Ina Kirmes

    Authors
    1. Ralf Dahm
      View author publications

      You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

    2. Ina Kirmes
      View author publications

      You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

    Rights and permissions

    Reprints and permissions

    Copyright information

    © 2018 Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland

    About this chapter

    Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

    Cite this chapter

    Dahm, R., Kirmes, I. (2018). Grundlagen der Epigenetik. In: Epigenetik – Grundlagen und klinische Bedeutung. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54023-7_1

    Download citation

    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54023-7_1

    • Published:

    • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

    • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-54022-0

    • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-54023-7

    • eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)

    Publish with us

    Policies and ethics

    Search

    Navigation