Zusammenfassung
Das Streben nach Wirksamkeit beginnt mit den ersten Verhaltensregungen und wird bald differenzierter, zielgerichteter und reflektierter. Tägliche Interaktionspartner des Kindes spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei der Herausbildung von grundlegenden motivationalen Präferenzen und der Regulation von Handeln. Handlungsbezogene Emotionen werden selbstbewertend als Stolz und Scham und liefern so im Guten wie im Schlechten folgenreiche Handlungsanreize. Die fortschreitende kognitive Entwicklung ermöglicht Schritt für Schritt ein differenziertes Verständnis von Aufgabenschwierigkeit, Fähigkeit, Anstrengung und ihrer komplexen Relationen bei der Vorhersage und Erklärung von Leistungsergebnissen. Eingebettet in den universellen Entwicklungswandel entstehen individuelle Unterschiede in impliziten Motiven, spezifischen Anreizen und Erwartungen, generalisierten Leistungszielorientierungen und Stärken und Schwächen in der Handlungsregulation.
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Heckhausen, J., Heckhausen, H. (2018). Entwicklung der Motivation. In: Heckhausen, J., Heckhausen, H. (eds) Motivation und Handeln. Springer-Lehrbuch. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53927-9_16
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