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DNA-Phänotypisierung

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Forensik in der digitalen Welt

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Zusammenfassung

Die Weiterentwicklung sensitiver DNA-Analysetechniken im Bereich der forensischen Molekulargenetik nimmt immer mehr an Bedeutung zu, insbesondere zur Aufklärung von cold cases. In Strafsachen ohne Täterhinweise aus der Bevölkerung und negativem Testergebnis beim Abgleich des DNA-Profils der Spur mit Dankbankeinträgen, ist es kaum möglich einen Täter oder Verdächtigen zu identifizieren. Dann wären Informationen zum Aussehen des Täters hilfreich, um gezielter fahnden zu können. Auch im Falle vermisster Personen oder vollständig skelettierten Leichen liegen in ausgewählten Fällen kaum Hinweise zur physischen Konstitution der Person bzw. zum Aussehen vor. Ähnlich wie mit einer Videosequenz können wir auf molekularer Ebene phänotypische Personeneigenschaften erlangen, um eine Art genetisches Phantombild zu erstellen. Entsprechende Informationen, welche auf molekularer Ebene erzeugt wurden, können z. B. in das Verfahren einer computergestützten Gesichtsweichteilrekonstruktion eingebunden werden, um das Aussehen von Täter- bzw. Opfer zu rekonstruieren. In diesem Kapitel wird das Verfahren der DNA-Phänotypisierung mit dessen Möglichkeiten und Grenzen vorgestellt, mit dem es gegenwärtig möglich ist Augen- oder Haarfarbe bis hin zu Körpergröße einer Person zu bestimmen.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Als Chimärismusanalyse wird die quantitative Messung des Anteils an Spender- und Empfängerhämatopoese nach einer allogenen Stammzell- oder Knochenmarktransplantation bezeichnet.

  2. 2.

    Version 144, Release vom 8. Juni 2015.

  3. 3.

    Das HGDP-CEPH Human Genome Diversity Cell Line Panel ist eine Sammlung bestehend aus 1063 kultivierten Lymphozytenzelllinien von 1050 Personen aus 52 Populationen der gesamten Weltbevölkerung (Sitz in Paris).

  4. 4.

    CIEL*ab ist ein sogenanntes Tristimulusmodell, wobei in diesem Fall folgende Dimensionen einbezogen werden: Helligkeit (L*), Rot (a*), Gelb (b*). Das Farbmodell HSB nutzt zur Beschreibung von Farbnuancen drei Eigenschaften: Farbton (Hue), Sättigung (Saturation) und Helligkeit (Brightness).

  5. 5.

    MRI=Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

  6. 6.

    www.yhrd.org

  7. 7.

    Stand: Release Juli 2015.

  8. 8.

    Motiv des untersuchten molekularen Templates (Y-Chromosom, mtDNA), bestehend aus einer definierten Anzahl spezifischer STRs oder SNPs.

  9. 9.

    Haplotypen, die den gleichen genetischen Vorfahren vorweisen, werden einer Haplogruppe zugeordnet.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin im Forensic Science Investigation Lab (FoSIL), University of Applied Sciences Mittweida, Technikumplatz 17, 09648, Mittweida, Deutschland

    Anne-Marie Pflugbeil M. Sc. Molekularbiologie

  2. Gesundheitsamt – Landkreis Zwickau, Werdauer Straße 62, 08056, Zwickau, Deutschland

    OA Dr. med. Karlheinz Thiele

  3. Lehrstuhl für Bioinformatik und Forensik, Leiter Forensic Science Investigation Lab (FoSIL), University of Applied Sciences Mittweida, Technikumplatz 17, 09648, Mittweida, Deutschland

    Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Dirk Labudde

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  1. Anne-Marie Pflugbeil M. Sc. Molekularbiologie
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  2. OA Dr. med. Karlheinz Thiele
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  3. Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Dirk Labudde
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Correspondence to Anne-Marie Pflugbeil M. Sc. Molekularbiologie .

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  1. Hochschule Mittweida , Mittweida, Germany

    Dirk Labudde

  2. Hochschule Mittweida , Mittweida, Germany

    Michael Spranger

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Pflugbeil, AM., Thiele, K., Labudde, D. (2017). DNA-Phänotypisierung. In: Labudde, D., Spranger, M. (eds) Forensik in der digitalen Welt. Springer Spektrum, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53801-2_4

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