The Preparation of Nano Composites and Their Applications in Solar Energy Conversion pp 93-110 | Cite as
Photocatalytic Properties of Graphdiyne and Graphene Modified TiO2: From Theory to Experiment
- 619 Downloads
Abstract
The chemical structure and electronic properties of two-dimensional (2D) carbon-supported TiO2, TiO2-graphdiyne, and TiO2-graphene composites have been studied by first-principles density functional theory. Calculation results show that TiO2 (001)-graphdiyne composites possess superior charge separation and oxidation properties, having the longest lifetimes of photoexcited carriers among all of the 2D composites containing TiO2 of different facets. Our experimental results further proved that TiO2 (001)-graphdiyne composites could be a promising photocatalyst. For photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue, the rate constant of the TiO2 (001)-graphdiyne composite is 1.63±0.15 times that of the pure TiO2 (001) and 1.27±0.12 times that of the TiO2 (001)-graphene composite.
Keywords
Methylene Blue Reduce Graphene Oxide Pure TiO2 Valence Band Maximum Conduction Band MinimumReferences
- 1.Linsebigler, A.L., Lu, G., Yates, J.T.: Chem. Rev. 95, 735 (1995)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 2.Pelaez, M., Nolan, N.T., Pillai, S.C., Seery, M.K., Falaras, P., Kontos, A.G., Dunlop, P.S.M., Hamilton, J.W.J., Byrne, J.A., O’Shea, K., et al.: Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 125, 331 (2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 3.Zhang, H., Lv, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Li, J.: ACS Nano 4, 380 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 4.Novoselov, K.S., Geim, A.K., Morozov, S.V., Jiang, D., Zhang, Y., Dubonos, S.V., Grigorieva, I.V., Firsov, A.A.: Science 306, 666 (2004)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 5.Wee, A.T.S.: ACS Nano 6, 5739 (2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 6.Huang, X., Qi, X., Boey, F., Zhang, H.: Chem. Soc. Rev. 41, 666 (2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 7.Huang, X., Yin, Z., Wu, S., Qi, X., He, Q., Zhang, Q., Yan, Q., Boey, F., Zhang, H.: Small 2011, 7 (1876)Google Scholar
- 8.Wu, Q., Xu, Y.X., Yao, Z.Y., Liu, A.R., Shi, G.Q.: ACS Nano 2010, 4 (1963)Google Scholar
- 9.Huang, X., Zeng, Z., Fan, Z., Liu, J., Zhang, H.: Adv. Mater. 24, 5979 (2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 10.Cao, X., Shi, Y., Shi, W., Lu, G., Huang, X., Yan, Q., Zhang, Q., Zhang, H.: Small 7, 3163 (2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 11.Qu, L., Liu, Y., Baek, J.-B., Dai, L.: ACS Nano 4, 1321 (2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 12.Liu, H., Wang, G.X., Liu, J., Qiao, S.Z., Ahn, H.J.: J. Mater. Chem. 21, 3046 (2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 13.Huang, C., Li, C., Shi, G.: Energy Environ. Sci. 5, 8848 (2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 14.Wu, S., He, Q., Zhou, C., Qi, X., Huang, X., Yin, Z., Yang, Y., Zhang, H.: Nanoscale 4, 2478 (2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 15.Yang, N., Zhai, J., Wang, D., Chen, Y., Jiang, L.: ACS Nano 4, 887 (2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 16.Chen, C., Cai, W., Long, M., Zhou, B., Wu, Y., Wu, D., Feng, Y.: ACS Nano 4, 6425 (2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 17.He, Q.Y., Zeng, Z.Y., Yin, Z.Y., Li, H., Wu, S.X., Huang, X., Zhang, H.: Small 8, 2994 (2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 18.He, Q., Wu, S., Gao, S., Cao, X., Yin, Z., Li, H., Chen, P., Zhang, H.: ACS Nano 5, 5038 (2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 19.Sudibya, H.G., He, Q., Zhang, H., Chen, P.: ACS Nano 2011, 5 (1990)Google Scholar
- 20.Cao, X., He, Q., Shi, W., Li, B., Zeng, Z., Shi, Y., Yan, Q., Zhang, H.: Small 7, 1199 (2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 21.He, Q., Wu, S., Yin, Z., Zhang, H.: Chem. Sci. 3, 1764 (2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 22.Bao, Q., Loh, K.P.: ACS Nano 6, 3677 (2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 23.Sun, Z.P., Hasan, T., Torrisi, F., Popa, D., Privitera, G., Wang, F.Q., Bonaccorso, F., Basko, D.M., Ferrari, A.C.: ACS Nano 4, 803 (2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 24.Haley, M.M., Brand, S.C., Pak, J.J.: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 36, 836 (1997)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 25.Li, G., Li, Y., Liu, H., Guo, Y., Li, Y., Zhu, D.: Chem. Commun. 46, 3256 (2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 26.Diederich, F.: Nature 369, 199–207 (1994)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 27.Malko, D., Neiss, C., Vines, F., Goerling, A.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 086804 (2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 28.Long, M., Tang, L., Wang, D., Li, Y., Shuai, Z.: ACS Nano 5, 2593 (2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 29.Berger, C., Song, Z., Li, X., Wu, X., Brown, N., Naud, C., Mayou, D., Li, T., Hass, J., Marchenkov, A.N., et al.: Science 312, 1191 (2006)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 30.Tan, Y.W., Zhang, Y., Bolotin, K., Zhao, Y., Adam, S., Hwang, E.H., Das Sarma, S., Stormer, H.L., Kim, P.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 246803 (2007)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 31.Wang, S., Yi, L., Halpert, J.E., Lai, X., Liu, Y., Cao, H., Yu, R., Wang, D., Li, Y.: Small 8, 265 (2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 32.Lazzeri, M., Vittadini, A., Selloni, A.: Phys. Rev. B 63, 155409 (2001)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 33.Diebold, U.: Surf. Sci. Rep. 48, 53 (2003)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 34.Yang, H.G., Liu, G., Qiao, S.Z., Sun, C.H., Jin, Y.G., Smith, S.C., Zou, J., Cheng, H.M., Lu, G.Q.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 4078 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 35.Lazzeri, M., Vittadini, A., Selloni, A.: Phys. Rev. B 63, 155409 (2001)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 36.Yang, H.G., Sun, C.H., Qiao, S.Z., Zou, J., Liu, G., Smith, S.C., Cheng, H.M., Lu, G.Q.: Nature 453, 638 (2008)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 37.Jayasekera, T., Xu, S., Kim, K.W., Nardelli, M.B.: Phys. Rev. B 84, 035442 (2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 38.Wang, Q.J., Che, J.G.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 066802 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 39.Wong, K., Zeng, Q.H., Yu, A.B.: J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 4656 (2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 40.Khomyakov, P.A., Giovannetti, G., Rusu, P.C., Brocks, G., van den Brink, J., Kelly, P.J.: Phys. Rev. B 79, 195429 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 41.Chen, J.S., Liu, J., Qiao, S.Z., Xu, R., Lou, X.W.: Chem. Commun. 47, 10443 (2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 42.Liu, G., Yang, H.G., Wang, X., Cheng, L., Pan, J., Lu, G.Q., Cheng, H.-M.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 12868 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 43.Xiang, Q., Yu, J., Wang, W., Jaroniec, M.: Chem. Commun. 47, 6906 (2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 44.Nethravathi, C., Rajamathi, M.: Carbon 2008, 46 (1994)Google Scholar
- 45.Akhavan, O., Abdolahad, M., Abdi, Y., Mohajerzadeh, S.: Carbon 47, 3280 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 46.Oliveira, C., Gonçalves, L., Almeida, B.G., Tavares, C.J., Carvalho, S., Vaz, F., Escobar Galindo, R., Henriques, M., Susano, M., Oliveira, R.: Surf. Coat. Tech. 203, 490 (2008)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 47.Pillai, S.C., Periyat, P., George, R., McCormack, D.E., Seery, M.K., Hayden, H., Colreavy, J., Corr, D., Hinder, S.J.: J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 1605 (2007)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 48.Sun, L., Zhao, Z., Zhou, Y., Liu, L.: Nanoscale 4, 613 (2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 49.Wang, X.H., Li, J.G., Kamiyama, H., Moriyoshi, Y., Ishigaki, T.: J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 6804 (2006)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 50.Shi, W.-J., Xiong, S.-J.: Surf. Sci. 2010, 604 (1987)Google Scholar
- 51.Zhu, W., Qiu, X., Iancu, V., Chen, X.-Q., Pan, H., Wang, W., Dimitrijevic, N.M., Rajh, T., Meyer III, H.M., Paranthaman, M.P., et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 226401 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 52.Yang, K., Dai, Y., Huang, B., Whangbo, M.-H.: J. Phys. Chem. C 113, 2624 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 53.Zhou, Z., Li, M., Guo, L.: J. Phys. Chem. Solids 71, 1707 (2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 54.Ma, X., Wu, Y., Lu, Y., Xu, J., Wang, Y., Zhu, Y.: J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 16963 (2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 55.Pan, J., Liu, G., Lu, G.Q.M., Cheng, H.-M.: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 50, 2133 (2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 56.Pan, J., Wu, X., Wang, L., Liu, G., Lu, G.Q., Cheng, H.-M.: Chem. Commun. 47, 8361 (2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 57.Chen, X., Shen, S., Guo, L., Mao, S.S.: Chem. Rev. 110, 6503 (2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar