Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Springer Theses ((Springer Theses))

  • 621 Accesses

Abstract

As an important foundation for human society, the history of using energy can reflect back the history of human development. How to high efficient using energy is directly related to the sustainable development of human society. With the growing global population and improving of life expectancy, energy issue has become the most urgent problem we are facing nowadays. In the next decades, exploring of new solutions to meet the growing energy demand will be one of the greatest challenges for all human beings. Besides the considerable damage to environment of the traditional nonrenewable energy, the reserves of it are declining with the exploitation. In retrospect, the solar energy is always the most basic resource for human survival and development, as a clean energy which can be used permanently, also has great development potential. From the development of technology, the development and utilization technology of solar energy will likely decide the future of human life. Up to date, the research of using solar energy is focused on solar cells, water photocatalysis and photo-oxidation decomposition of organic matter, etc. By the knowledge obtained nowadays, synergistic effect always gets a good performance in nanomaterials. Hence, how to complex functional molecules with other ingredients, and then preparative high performance nanocomposites is gradually become a hot research area. And this kind of composite materials in energy and environment field will lead humanity toward the green and better future.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. >张正华,李陵岚,叶楚平,杨平华,有机太阳电池与塑料太阳电池, (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  2. BP Statistical Review of World Energy, 2015

    Google Scholar 

  3. Li, J., Wang, S.: China Solar PV Report. China Environmental Science Press, (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Zhao, Y.: Preparation of TiO2 Micro-/nano- Hierarchical Structures and Their Photoelectrical Performance, Doctoral Dissertation of Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Huang, C., Li, F., Huang, Y.: Ultrathin Films for Optics and Electronics, p. 305. Peking University Press, 2001

    Google Scholar 

  6. 陈振兴,高分子电池材料,北京:化学工业出版社, (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Zhong, D.: J. Appl. Opt. 22, 34 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Li, F., Xu, J., Zhang, D.: Energy Environ. 4, 52 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Peng, Y., Han, X., Wen, H.: J. Gannan Normal Univ. 6, 78 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  10. He, J., Su, Z., Xiang, L., Wang, J., Wang, Y.: Chin. Polym. Bull. 4, 53 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Pei, L., Liu, C.: Electro-Optic Technol. Appl. 19, 16 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Zhang, X., Guan, Y., Wang, K., Xie, J.: Chin. J. Rare Metal 30, 529 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Li, J., Zou, Z., Long, F.: Energy Technol. 26, 164 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Goetzberger, A., Hebling, C.: Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 62, 1 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Qiao, J.: Preparing and Characterization of Polymer Solar Cells. Master Dissertation of Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Zweibel, K., Ullal, H., Roedern, V.: 25th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, p. 745, (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Kong, F.T., Dai, S.Y., Wang, K.J.: Adv. Optoelectron. 2007, 1 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. O’Regan, B., Grätzel, M.: Nature 353, 737–740 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. (a) Hagfeldt, A., Boschloo, G., Sun, L., Kloo, L., Pettersson, H.: Chem. Rev. 110, 6595 (2010), (b) Burschka, J., Pellet, N.: Moon, S.-J., Humphry-Baker, R., Gao, P., Nazeeruddin, M. K., Grätzel, M.: Nature, 499, 316 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Kavan, L., Grätzel, M.: Electrochim. Acta 40, 643 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Cameron, P.J., Peter, L.M.: J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 14394 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. O’Regan, B.C., Durrant, J.: Acc. Chem. Res. 42, 1799 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Hagfeldt, A., Grätzel, M.: Acc. Chem. Res. 33, 269 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Koops, S.E., O’Regan, B.C., Barnes, P.R.F., Durrant, J.R.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 4808 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Wang, P., Wenger, B., Humphry-Baker, R., Moser, J.E., Teuscher, J., Kantlehner, W., Mezger, J., Stoyanov, E.V., Zakeeruddin, S.M., Grätzel, M.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 6850 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Hamann, T.W., Jensen, R.A., Martinson, A.B.F., Van Ryswyk, H., Hupp, J.T.: Energy Environ. Sci. 1, 66 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Pagliaro, M., Palmisano, G., Ciriminna, R., Loddo, V.: Energy Environ. Sci. 2, 838 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Jose, R., Thavasi, V., Ramakrishna, S.: J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 92, 289 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Zhang, Q.F., Deneau, C.S., Zhou, X.Y., Cao, G.Z.: Adv. Mater. 21, 4087 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Ito S., Liska P., Comte P., Charvet R. L., Pechy P., Bach U., Schmidt-Mende L., Zakeeruddin S. M., Kay A., Nazeeruddin M. K., Grätzel M. Chem. Commun. 4351 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Zhang, Z.P., Ito, S., O’Regan, B., Kuang, D.B., Zakeeruddin, S.M., Liska, P., Charvet, R., Comte, P., Nazeeruddin, M.K., Pechy, P., Humphry-Baker, R., Koyanagi, T., Mizuno, T., Grätzel, M.: Z. Phys. Chem. 221, 319 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Hore, S., Nitz, P., Vetter, C., Prahl C., Niggemann, M., Kern, R.: Chem. Commun. 2011 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Sommeling, P.M., O’Regan, B.C., Haswell, R.R., Smit, H.J.P., Bakker, N.J., Smits, J.J.T., Kroon, J.M., van Roosmalen, J.A.M.: J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 19191 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Zukalova, M., Zukal, A., Kavan, L., Nazeeruddin, M.K., Liska, P., Grätzel, M.: Nano Lett. 5, 1789 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Shankar, K., Mor, G.K., Prakasam, H.E., Yoriya, S., Paulose, M., Varghese, O.K., Grimes, C.A.: Nanotechnology 18, 065707 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Mor, G.K., Varghese, O.K., Paulose, M., Shankar, K., Grimes, C.A.: Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2006, 90 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Mor, G.K., Shankar, K., Paulose, M., Varghese, O.K., Grimes, C.A.: Nano Lett. 6, 215 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Shankar, K., Bara, J., Paulose, M., Wietasch, H., Varghese, O.K., Mor, G.K., LaTempa, T.J., Thelakkat, M., Grimes, C.A.: Nano Lett. 8, 1654 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Macak, J.M., Tsuchiya, H., Schmuki, P.: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44, 2100 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Jennings, J.R., Ghicov, A., Peter, L.M., Schmuki, P., Walker, A.B.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 13364 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Bwana, N.N.: Nano Res. 1, 483 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Zhu, K., Vinzant, T.B., Neale, N.R., Frank, A.J.: Nano Lett. 7, 3739 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Hamann, T.W., Martinson, A.B.F., Elam, J.W., Pellin, M.J., Hupp, J.T.: J. Phys. Chem. C 112, 10303 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Saito, M., Fujihara, S.: Energy Environ. Sci. 1, 280 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Keis, K., Lindgren, J., Lindquist, S.E., Hagfeldt, A.: Langmuir 16, 4688 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Quintana, M., Marinado, T., Nonomura, K., Boschloo, G., Hagfeldt, A.: J. Photochem. Photobiol. A 202, 159 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Nguyen, H.M., Mane, R.S., Ganesh, T., Han, S.H., Kim, N.: J. Phys. Chem. C 113, 9206 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Shin, Y.-J., Lee, J.-H., Park, J.-H., Park, N.-G.: Chem. Lett. 36, 1506 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Minoura, H., Yoshida, T.: Electrochemistry 76, 109 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Yoshida, T., Iwaya, M., Oekermann, T., Nonomura, K., Schlettwein, D., Wohrle, D., Minoura, H.: Chem. Commun. p. 400 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  51. Yoshida, T., Tochimoto, M., Schlettwein, D., Wohrle, D., Sugiura, T., Minoura, H.: Chem. Mater. 11, 2657 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Galoppini, E.R.J., Chen, H., Saraf, G., Lu, Y., Hagfeldt, A., Boschloo, G.: J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 16159 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Martinson, A.B.F., McGarrah, J.E., Parpia, M.O.K., Hupp, J.T.: Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 8, 4655 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Tornow, J., Schwarzburg, K.: J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 8692 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Martinson, A.B.F., GoIes, M.S., Fabregat-Santiago, F., Bisquert, J., Pellin, M.J., Hupp, J.T.: J. Phys. Chem. A 113, 4015 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Law, M., Greene, L.E., Johnson, J.C., Saykally, R., Yang, P.D.: Nat. Mater. 4, 455 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Law, M., Greene, L.E., Radenovic, A., Kuykendall, T., Liphardt, J., Yang, P.: J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 22652 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Ferrere, S., Zaban, A., Gregg, B.A.: J. Phys. Chem. B 101, 4490 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Onwona-Agyeman, B., Kaneko, S., Kumara, A., Okuya, M., Murakami, K., Konno, A., Tennakone, K.: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 2 44, L731 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Tennakone K., Kumara G., Kottegoda I. R. M., Perera V. P. S. Chem. Commun. 15 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  61. Kumara, G.R.R.A., Tennakone, K., Perera, V.P.S., Konno, A., Kaneko, S., Okuya, M.J.: Phys. D. Appl. Phys. 34, 868 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Kay, A., Grätzel, M.: Chem. Mater. 14, 2930 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Ito, S., Makari, Y., Kitamura, T., Wada, Y., Yanagida, S.: J. Mater. Chem. 14, 385 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Tan, B., Toman, E., Li, Y.G., Wu, Y.Y.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 4162 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Lana-Villarreal, T., Boschloo, G., Hagfeldt, A.: J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 5549 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Guo, P., Aegerter, M.A.: Thin Solid Films 351, 290 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Wang, Z.S., Hara, K., Dan-Oh, Y., Kasada, C., Shinpo, A., Suga, S., Arakawa, H., Sugihara, H.: J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 3907 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Galoppini, E.: Coord. Chem. Rev. 248, 1283 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Nazeeruddin, M.K., Humphry-Baker, R., Liska, P., Grätzel, M.: J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 8981 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Mann, J.R., Gannon, M.K., Fitzgibbons, T.C., Detty, M.R., Watson, D.F.: J. Phys. Chem. C 112, 13057 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Kuang, D., Klein, C., Ito, S., Moser, J.E., Humphry-Baker, R., Evans, N., Duriaux, F., Grätzel, C., Zakeeruddin, S.M., Grätzel, M.: Adv. Mater. 19, 1133 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Kuang, D., Ito, S., Wenger, B., Klein, C., Moser, J.-E., Humphry-Baker, R., Zakeeruddin, S.M., Grätzel, M.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 4146 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Haque, S.A., Palomares, E., Cho, B.M., Green, A.N.M., Hirata, N., Klug, D.R., Durrant, J.R.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 3456 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Ardo, S., Meyer, G.J.: Chem. Soc. Rev. 38, 115 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Lammi, R.K., Wagner, R.W., Ambroise, A., Diers, J.R., Bocian, D.F., Holten, D., Lindsey, J.S.: J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 5341 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Cherian, S., Wamser, C.C.: J. Phys. Chem. B 104, 3624 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Fungo, F., Otero, L., Durantini, E.N., Silber, J.J., Sereno, L.E.: J. Phys. Chem. B 104, 7644 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Fungo, F., Otero, L.A., Sereno, L., Silber, J.J., Durantini, E.N.: J. Mater. Chem. 10, 645 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Tachibana, Y., Haque, S.A., Mercer, I.P., Durrant, J.R., Klug, D.R.: J. Phys. Chem. B 104, 1198 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. O’Regan, B.C., Lopez-Duarte, I., Martinez-Diaz, M.V., Forneli, A., Albero, J., Moreira, A., Palomares, E., Torres, T., Durrant, J.R.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 2906 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Nazeeruddin, M.K., Humphry-Baker, R., Grätzel, M., Murrer, B.A.: Chem. Commun. 719 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  82. Nazeeruddin, M.K., Humphry-Baker, R., Grätzel, M., Wohrle, D., Schnurpfeil, G., Schneider, G., Hirth, A., Trombach, N.: J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 3, 230 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Aranyos, V., Hjelm, J., Hagfeldt, A., Grennberg, H.: J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 5, 609 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. He, J.J., Hagfeldt, A., Lindquist, S.E., Grennberg, H., Korodi, F., Sun, L.C., Akermark, B.: Langmuir 17, 2743 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. He, J., Benko, G., Korodi, F., Polivka, T., Lomoth, R., Akermark, B., Sun, L., Hagfeldt, A., Sundstrom, V.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 4922 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Komori, T., Amao, Y.: J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 6, 211 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Komori, T., Amao, Y.: J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 7, 131 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Giribabu, L., Kumar, C.V., Reddy, V.G., Reddy, P.Y., Rao, C.S., Jang, S.R., Yum, J.H., Nazeeruddin, M.K., Grätzel, M.: Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 91, 1611 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Reddy, P.Y., Giribabu, L., Lyness, C., Snaith, H.J., Vijaykumar, C., Chrasekharam, M., Lakshmikantam, M., Yum, J.H., Kalyanasundaram, K., Grätzel, M., Nazeeruddin, M.K.: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 46, 373 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Silvestri, F., Garcia-Iglesias, M., Yum, J.H., Vazqueza, P., Martinez-Diaza, M.V., Grätzel, M., Nazeeruddin, M.K., Torres, T.: J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 13, 369 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Eu, S., Katoh, T., Umeyama, T., Matano, Y., Imahori, H.: Dalton Trans. 5476 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  92. Palomares, E., Martinez-Diaz, M.V., Haque, S.A., Torres, T., Durrant, J.R.: Chem. Commun. 2112 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  93. Moreira, A., Lopez-Duarte, I., Martinez-Diaz, M.V., O’Regan, B., Shuttle, C., Haji-Zainulabidin, N.A., Torres, T., Palomares, E., Durrant, J.R.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 9250 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Macor, L., Fungo, F., Tempesti, T., Durantini, E.N., Otero, L., Barea, E.M., Fabregat-Santiago, F., Bisquert, J.: Energy Environ. Sci. 2, 529 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Rawling, T., Austin, C., Buchholz, F., Colbran, S.B., McDonagh, A.M.: Inorg. Chem. 48, 3215 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Nazeeruddin, M.K., Kay, A., Rodicio, I., Baker, R.H., Müller, E., Liska, P., Vlachopoulos, N., Grätzel, M.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 6382 (1993)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Tennakone, K., Kumara, G., Kumarasinghe, A., Wijayantha, K., Sirimanne, P.: Semicond. Sci. Technol. 10, 1689 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. Brian, O., Daniel, T.: Chem. Mater. 7, 1349 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Tennakone, K., Jumara, G., Kottegoda, I.: J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 31, 2326 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Meng, Q., Takahashi, K., Zhang, X., Sutanto, I., Rao, T., Sato, O., Fujishima, A., Watanabe, H., Nakamori, T., Uragami, M.: Langmuir 19, 3572 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Grätzel, M.: Nature 414, 338 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. Snaith, H., Moule, A., Klein, C., Meerholz, K., Friend, R., Grätzel, M.: Nano Lett. 7, 3372 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Krüger, J., Plass, R., Cevey, L., Piccirelli, M., Grätzel, M., Bach, U.: Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 2085 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Wang, P., Zakeeruddin, S., Moser, J., Humphry-Baker, R., Grätzel, M.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 7164 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Haque, S.A., Tachibana, Y., Willis, R.L., Moser, J.E., Grätzel, M., Klug, D.R., Durrant, J.R.: J. Phys. Chem. B 104, 538 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Shi, C.W., Dai, S.Y., Wang, K.J., Pan, X., Kong, F.T., Hu, L.H.: Vib. Spectrosc. 39, 99 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Durr, M., Yasuda, A., Nelles, G.: Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 3 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Yin, X., Zhao, H., Chen, L., Tan, W., Zhang, J., Weng, Y., Shuai, Z., Xiao, X., Zhou, X., Li, X., Lin, Y.: Surf. Interface Anal. 39, 809 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Greijer, H., Lindgren, J., Hagfeldt, A.: J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 6314 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Murakami, T.N., Ito, S., Wang, Q., Nazeeruddin, M.K., Bessho, T., Cesar, I., Liska, P., Humphry-Baker, R., Comte, P., Pechy, P., Grätzel, M.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 153, A2255 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Ramasamy, E., Lee, W.J., Lee, D.Y., Song, J.S.: Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 173103 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Imoto, K., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, T., Komura, T., Nakamura, J.-I., Murata, K.: Solar Energy Mater Solar Cells 79, 459 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Suzuki, K., Yamaguchi, M., Kumagai, M., Yanagida, S.: Chem. Lett. 32, 28 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Bay, L., West, K., Winther-Jensen, B., Jacobsen, T.: Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 90, 341 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Saito Y., Kitamura T., Wada Y., Yanagida, S.: Chem. Lett. 1060 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  116. Saito, Y., Kubo, W., Kitamura, T., Wada, Y., Yanagida, S.: J. Photochem. Photobiol. A 164, 153 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Wang, M., Anghel, A.M., Marsan, B., Cevey Ha, N.-L., Pootrakulchote, N., Zakeeruddin, S.M., Grätzel, M.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 15976 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Martin, S.T., Herrmann, H., Choi, W., Hoffmann, M.R.: J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 90, 3315–3322 (1994)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Dawson, A., Kamat, P.: J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 960 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Franch, M., Ayllon, J., Peral, J., Domènech, X.: Catal. Today 101, 245 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Anpo, M., Takeuchi, M.: J. Catal. 216, 505 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Chen, X., Shen, S., Guo, L., Mao, S.: Chem. Rev. 110, 6503 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Ishibai, Y., Sato, J., Akita, S., Nishikawa, T., Miyagishi, S.J.: Photochem. Photobio. A: Chem. 188, 106 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Asahi, R., Morikawa, T., Ohwaki, T., Aoki, K., Taga, Y.: Science 293, 269 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Li, D., Haneda, H., Hishita, S., Ohashi, N., Labhsetwar, N.K.J.: Fluorine chem. 126, 69 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Khan, S.U.M., Al-Shahry, M., Ingler Jr., W.B.: Science 297, 2243 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Luan, Y., Fu, P., Dai, X., Du, Z.: Z. Prog. Chem. 16, 738 (2004)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Choi, W., Termin, A., Hoffmann, M.R.: J. Phys. Chem. 98, 13669 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  129. Li, X., Xiong, Y., Li, Z., Xie, Y.: Inorg. Chem. 45, 3493 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Testino, A., Bellobono, I.R., Buscaglia, V., Canevali, C., D’Arienzo, M., Polizzi, S., Scotti, R., Morazzoni, F.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 3564 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Wang, S.: Study on Preparation of TiO2 Nanomaterials and Their Application in Solar Energy Conversion. Doctoral Dissertation of Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  132. Anpo, M., Kishiguchi, S., Ichihashi, Y., Takeuchi, M., Yamashita, H., Ikeue, K., Morin, B., Davidson, A., Che, M.: Res. Chem. Intermed. 27, 459 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Anpo, M.: Pure Appl. Chem. 72, 1265 (2000)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Anpo, M., Takeuchi, M.: Int. J. Photoenergy 3, 89 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Santz, P.A., Kamat, P.V.: Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 4, 198 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Baker, D.R., Kamat, P.V.: Adv. Funct. Mater. 19, 805 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Gopidas, K.R., Bohorquez, M., Kamat, P.V.: J. Phys. Chem. 94, 6435 (1990)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Evans, J.E., Springer, K.W., Zhang, J.Z.: J. Chem. Phys. 101, 6222 (1994)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Yamashita, Y., Ono, K., Tanaka, S., Imaeda, K., Inokuchi, H.: Adv. Mater. 6, 295 (1994)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Novoselov, K.S., Geim, A.K., Morozov, S.V., Jiang, D., Zhang, Y., Dubonos, S.V., Grigorieva, I.V., Firsov, A.A.: Science 306, 666 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Li, G., Li, Y., Liu, H., Guo, Y., Zhu, D.: Chem. Commun. 46, 3256 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Nelson J. Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, p. 87 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  143. Hong, H., Davidov, D., Kallinger, C., Lemmer, U., Feldmann, J., Harth, E., Gügel, A., Müllen, K.: Synth. Met. 102, 1487 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Ma, W., Yang, C., Gong, X., Lee, K., Heeger, A.J.: Adv. Funct. Mater. 15, 1617 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Bottari, G., Torre, G., Guldi, D., Torres, T.: Chem. Rev. 110, 6768 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Clarke, T., Durrant, J.: Chem. Rev. 110, 6736 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Dillon, A.: Chem. Rev. 110, 6856 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Dresselhaus, M.S., Dresselhaus, G., Saito, R.: Solid State Commun. 84, 201 (1992)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Barazzouk, S., Hotchandani, S., Vinodgopal, K., Kamat, P.V.: J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 17015 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Hasobe, T., Fukuzumi, S., Kamat, P.V.: J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 25477 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Vietmeyer, F., Seger, B., Kamat, P.V.: Adv. Mater. 19, 2935 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Lomeda, J., Doyle, C., Kosynkin, D., Hwang, W.-F., Tour, J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 16201 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Si, Y., Samulski, E.: Nano Lett. 8, 1679 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Salvio, R., Krabbenborg, S., Naber, W., Velders, A., Reinhoudt, D., van der Wiel, W.: Chem.-Eur. J. 15, 8235 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Niyogi, S., Bekyarova, E., Itkis, M., McWilliams, J., Hamon, M., Haddon, R.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 7720 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Veca, L., Lu, F., Meziani, M., Cao, L., Zhang, P., Qi, G., Qu, L., Shrestha, M., Sun, Y.: Chem. Commun. 2565 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  157. Salavagione, H., Gomez, M., Martinez, G.: Macromolecules 42, 6331 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Yang, H., Shan, C., Li, F., Han, D., Zhang, Q., Niu, L.: Chem. Commun. 3880 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  159. Wang, S., Chia, P.-J., Chua, L.-L., Zhao, L.-H., Png, R.-Q., Sivaramakrishnan, S., Zhou, M., Goh, G., Friend, R., Wee, A., Ho, P.: Adv. Mater. 20, 3440 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Stankovich, S., Piner, R., Nguyen, S., Ruoff, R.: Carbon 44, 3342 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. Wang, Y., Chen, X., Zhong, Y., Zhu, F., Loh, K.: Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 063302 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. Zu, S.-Z., Han, B.-H.: J. Phys. Chem. C 113, 13651 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Zhang, H., Lv, X.J., Li, Y.M., Wang, Y., Li, J.H.: ACS Nano 4, 380 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Liu, J.C., Bai, H.W., Wang, Y.J., Liu, Z.Y., Zhang, X.W., Sun, D.D.: Adv. Funct. Mater. 20, 4175 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. Du, J., Lai, X.Y., Yang, N.L., Zhai, J., Kisailus, D., Su, F.B., Wang, D., Jiang, L.: ACS Nano 5, 590 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Xiang, Q., Yu, J., Jaroniec, M.: Chem. Soc. Rev. 41, 782 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Zhang, J.T., Xiong, Z.G., Zhao, X.S.: J. Mater. Chem. 21, 3634 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. Fan, W.Q., Lai, Q.H., Zhang, Q.H., Wang, Y.: J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 10694 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. Zhang, N., Zhang, Y., Xu, Y.: Nanoscale 4, 5792 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Akhavan, O., Ghaderi, E.: J. Phys. Chem. C 113, 20214 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. Sun, Y., Wu, Q., Shi, G.: Energy Environ. Sci. 4, 1113 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. Kongkan, A., Martinez-Dominguez, R., Kamat, P.V.: Nano Lett. 7, 676 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. Wang, H., Hu, Y.: Energy Environ. Sci. 5, 8182 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. Long, M., Tang, L., Wang, D., Li, Y., Shuai, Z.: ACS Nano 5, 2593 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. Ito, S., Murakami, T., Comte, P., Liska, P., Grätzel, C., Nazeeruddin, M., Grätzel, M.: Thin Solid Films 516, 4613 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. Musić, S., Gotić, M., Iva, M., Popović, S., Turković, A., Trojko, R., Sekulić, A., Furić, K.: Mater. Sci. Eng. B 47, 33 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  177. Jung, J.H., Kobayashi, H., van Bommel, K.J.C., Shinkai, S., Shimizu, T.: Chem. Mater. 14, 1445 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. Cranford, S., Buehler, M.: Nanoscale 4, 4587 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  179. Guo, Y., Jiang, K., Xu, B., Xia, Y., Yin, J., Liu, Z.: J. Phys. Chem. C 116, 13837 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  180. Jiao, Y., Du, A., Hankel, M., Zhu, Z., Rudolph, V., Smith, S.: Chem. Commun. 47, 11843 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. Srinivasu, K., Ghosh, S.: J. Phys. Chem. C 116, 5951 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. Zhang, H., Zhao, M., He, X., Wang, Z., Zhang, X., Liu, X.: J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 8845 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  183. Wang, S., Yi, L., Halpert, J.E., Lai, X., Liu, Y., Cao, H., Yu, R., Wang, D., Li, Y.: Small 8, 265 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. Du, H., Deng, Z., Lu, Z., Yin, Y., Yu, L., Wu, H., Chen, Z., Zou, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, H., Li, Y.: Synth. Met. 161, 2055 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  185. Liu, C.-J., Burghaus, U., Besenbacher, F., Wang, Z.: ACS Nano 4, 5517 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  186. Nishijima, Y., Ueno, K., Yokota, Y., Murakoshi, K., Misawa, H.: J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 1, 2031 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  187. Schatz, G.C.: Acc. Chem. Res. 17, 370 (1984)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  188. Diederich, F.: Nature 369, 199 (1994)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  189. Malko, D., Neiss, C., Vines, F., Goerling, A.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 086804 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. Loh, K.P., Bao, Q., Ang, P.K., Yang, J.: J. Mater. Chem. 20, 2277 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nailiang Yang .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Yang, N. (2017). Introduction. In: The Preparation of Nano Composites and Their Applications in Solar Energy Conversion. Springer Theses. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53485-4_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics