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Sexuelle Selektion: evolutionäre Grundlagen

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Verhaltensbiologie

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Zusammenfassung

Im Tierreich existieren neben der uns vertrauten, getrenntgeschlechtlichen sexuellen Fortpflanzung eine Reihe anderer Fortpflanzungssysteme. Diese unterschiedlichen Formen der Fortpflanzung können als Life history-Merkmale verstanden werden, die das Fortpflanzungsverhalten von Individuen der jeweiligen Taxa in gewisser Weise festlegen und damit teilweise erklären. So unterscheiden sich die Fortpflanzungsstrategien von protogynen hermaphroditischen Blaukopflippfischen (Thalassoma bifasciatum) von denen gynogyner Amazonenkärpflinge (Poecilia formosa), haplodiploider Honigbienen (Apis mellifera) oder getrenntgeschlechtlicher Kohlmeisen (Parus major) in vielerlei Weise allein aufgrund ihres jeweiligen Fortpflanzungssystems. Für all diese Organismen liefert die Theorie der sexuellen Selektion ein Gerüst zur Analyse der Verhaltensweisen und anderer Anpassungen in Zusammenhang mit der Fortpflanzung, so dass ich deren Grundlagen als erstes vorstellen möchte. Ich werde dabei sexuelle Selektion näher charakterisieren, die Beziehungen zwischen Life history und Fortpflanzung sowie die biologischen Grundlagen und Determinanten von Geschlechterrollen besprechen. Da die Dynamik der sexuellen Selektion auch wesentlich vom Geschlechterverhältnis beeinflusst wird, schließt dieses Kapitel mit einer Diskussion der Sex-ratio-Theorie.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum und Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Deutschland

    Peter Kappeler

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  1. Peter Kappeler
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Correspondence to Peter Kappeler .

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Kappeler, P. (2017). Sexuelle Selektion: evolutionäre Grundlagen. In: Verhaltensbiologie. Springer Spektrum, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53145-7_7

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