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Gedächtnis

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Zusammenfassung

In Kapitel 8 geht es um die weitgehend kognitionspsychologisch ausgerichtete Lern- und Gedächtnispsychologie sowie ihre neurobiologischen Grundlagen. Nach einem ersten Überblick über die verschiedenen unterscheidbaren Gedächtnissysteme beginnt die Darstellung mit einer kurzen Einführung in die Anfänge der experimentellen Gedächtnisforschung (Ebbinghaus), die für die weitere Ausdifferenzierung dieses Wissensgebietes wegweisend war. Es folgt die Darstellung der verschiedenen Gedächtnisspeicher und ihrer besonderen Funktionen bei der Informationscodierung, Speicherung und ihrem Abruf (Erinnern). Hier erfolgt auch nochmals der Brückenschlag zu den kognitiven Verarbeitungsprozessen bei der Wissensrepräsentation, dem Denken und dem Verständnis propositionaler oder hierarchischer Netzwerke.

Die aus diesen Beobachtungen und Grundüberlegungen resultierenden Gedächtnistheorien und Lernstrategien sowie schließlich die neueren Erkenntnisse über die neuronalen und biopsychologischen Abläufe bei der Gedächtnisbildung und dem Behalten runden unser Bild vom gegenwärtigen Verständnis der Gedächtnisprozesse ab.

Memory is a lost art. These days we rely on our phone, iPads and computers to memorise things of our behalf, as a result we are not exercising our most important mental muscle – our Brains. (Tony Buzan (*2. Juni 1942 in London), britischer Mentaltrainer (World Memory Championships 2012))

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Helen Keller (1880–1968) war eine auch heute noch in den USA bekannte Schriftstellerin, die mit 19 Monaten Augenlicht und Gehör verlor, von einer hingebungsvollen Lehrerin unterrichtet wurde, so dass sie studieren und mit der Promotion zum Doktor der Philosophie (Dr. phil) abschließen konnte.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Allgemeine Psychologie I und II, Universität Münster, Münster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Deutschland

    Christian Becker-Carus

  2. Fakultät für Humanwissenschaften, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Deutschland

    Mike Wendt

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  1. Christian Becker-Carus
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Becker-Carus, C., Wendt, M. (2017). Gedächtnis. In: Allgemeine Psychologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53006-1_8

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