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Structural Development of the Kidney

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Pediatric Kidney Disease

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Abstract

The function of the mammalian kidney is critically dependent on its structure. This chapter will describe the developmental processes involved in defining the complex three-dimensional architecture of the nephron in the context of the kidney, and how this relates to the acquisition of renal function during development.

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Acknowledgements

The author would like to express their gratitude to Tino Piscione for his contributions to the second edition of this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Rangos Research Building, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA

    Jacqueline Ho

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  1. Jacqueline Ho
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Correspondence to Jacqueline Ho .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Denis F. Geary

  2. Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

    Franz Schaefer

Glossary

Agt

Angiotensinogen

Agtr1

Angiotensinogen receptor 1

Agtr2

Angiotensinogen receptor 2

Alk3

Bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type 1A

Alk6

Bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type 1B

Ap-2

Transcription factor AP-2

Bcl2

B-cell lymphoma 2

Bmp4

Bone morphogenetic protein 4

Bmp5

Bone morphogenetic protein 5

Bmp7

Bone morphogenetic protein 7

Brn1

Brain specific homeobox 1

Cited1

Cbp/p300-interacting transactivator, with Glu/Asp-rich carboxy-terminal domain, 1

Cxcr4

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4

Egf

Epidermal growth factor

Emx2

Empty spiracles homolog 2

Eya1

Eyes absent homolog 1

Etv4

ETS transcription factor 4

Etv5

ETS transcription factor 5

Fgf8

Fibroblast growth factor 8

Fgf9

Fibroblast growth factor 9

Fgf20

Fibroblast growth factor 20

Fgfr1

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1

Fgfr2

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2

Foxc1

Forkhead box C1

Foxd1

Forkhead box D1

Gata3

Gata binding protein 3

Gdnf

Glial-derived neurotrophic factor

Gdf11

Growth/differentiation factor-11

Gfrα-1

Glial-derived neurotrophic factor receptor alpha-1

Gpc3

Glypican 3

Gli3

Gli family zinc finger 3

Hgf

Hepatocyte growth factor

Hoxa11

Homeobox A11

Hoxc11

Homeobox C11

Hoxd11

Homeobox D11

Hs2st

Heparan sulfate 2-sulfotransferase

Igf2

Insulin-like growth factor 2

Lhx1

Lim homeobox 1

Lmx1b

Lim homeobox 1b

Met

Met proto-oncogene

Mmp14

Matrix metallopeptidase 14

Myb

Myb proto-oncogene

Osr1

Odd-skipped related1

Pax2

Paired box gene 2

Pax8

Paired box gene 8

Pdgfβ

Platelet derived growth factor beta

Pod1

Podocyte expressed 1

Psen1

Presenilin 1

Psen2

Presenilin 2

Ptch1

Patched1

Raldh2

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2

Rarα

Retinoic acid receptor α

Rarβ2

Retinoic acid receptor β2

Rbpsuh

Recombining binding protein suppressor of hairless

Ret

Ret proto-oncogene

Robo2

Roundabout, axon guidance receptor, homolog 2

Sall1

Sal-like 1

sFrp

Secreted Frizzled-related protein

Shh

Sonic hedgehog

Six1

Sine oculis homeobox homolog 1

Six2

Sine oculis homeobox homolog 2

Slit2

Slit homolog 2

Spry1

Sprouty1

Timp

Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases

TGFα

Transforming growth factor alpha

TGFβ2

Transforming growth factor beta2

Tshz3

Teashirt zinc finger homeobox 3

Vegf

Vascular endothelial growth factor

Wnt4

Wingless-type MMTV integration site family 4

Wnt7b

Wingless-type MMTV integration site family 7b

Wnt9b

Wingless-type MMTV integration site family 9b

Wnt11

Wingless-type MMTV integration site family 11

Wt1

Wilms tumour 1

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Ho, J. (2016). Structural Development of the Kidney. In: Geary, D., Schaefer, F. (eds) Pediatric Kidney Disease. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-52972-0_8

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