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Post-infectious and Infectious Glomerulopathies

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Pediatric Kidney Disease

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Abstract

There is a wide spectrum of infectious agents which may produce acute glomerular injury. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is still the most common cause of post-infectious glomerulonephritis in undeveloped countries. The disease is a consequence of previous throat or skin infection with nephritogenic strains of group A beta hemolytic streptoccoci and rarely with group C and G. Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B and plasmin binding membrane receptor are potential nephritogenic antigens. The disease has a favorable outcome particularly in children if it is recognized early and appropriate conservative treatment commenced. Renal biopsy is rarely indicated and is limited to patients with atypical presentation, rapidly progressive clinical course and delayed recovery. Long term prognosis in excellent in children. Glomerulonephritis due to infected ventriculoatrial shunt or bacterial endocarditis is rarely seen in children nowadays. With highly active antiretroviral therapy the mortality rate in children with perinatal HIV infection has significantly decreased but the incidence of HIV related kidney disease has increased. Pediatric nephrologists should be familiar with early recognition, treatment and follow up of children with HIV related kidney disease.

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  1. Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Children’s Hospital, 17 Vodnjanska, Skopje, 1000, Macedonia

    Velibor Tasic

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  1. Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Denis F. Geary

  2. Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

    Franz Schaefer

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Tasic, V. (2016). Post-infectious and Infectious Glomerulopathies. In: Geary, D., Schaefer, F. (eds) Pediatric Kidney Disease. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-52972-0_21

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