Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Dermal Melanocytoses

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Pathology of Pigmented Skin Lesions

  • 1762 Accesses

Abstract

Nevus of Ota: Also known as oculodermal melanocytosis or nevus fuscoceruleus opththalmomaxillaris, it presents as a diffuse, slightly speckled, unilateral macular lesion of bluish to dark-brown pigmentation of the skin in the area of the ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of the trigeminal nerve. The conjunctiva and sclera can be involved in more than half of the cases and occasionally the mucous membranes of the nose, ear, and oral cavity. Nevus of Ota can be bilateral in up to 10 % of cases [1, 2]. Other affected areas include the forehead, the temple, the cheeks, and the nose. The cutaneous and mucosal discolorations in nevus of Ota are present throughout life and do not usually fade away with time; however, color can vary in intensity. These lesions are most commonly seen in Asians and in darker-skinned individuals and are uncommon in white patients. Most nevi of Ota present at birth (60 % of cases) and the second peak is seen during adolescence with a female predominance (4:1 ratio). Rare acquired cases with adult onset are sometimes considered as a separate disease, such as Hori nevus (acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like facial macules). Malignant degeneration in a nevus of Ota is extremely rare [3–6]. The choroid is the most common site affected, but the uvea, iris, and optical tract can also be involved. Although nevus of Ota is much more prevalent in Asians, malignant change appears to be much more common in white patients [5, 6]. Nevus of Ota can be associated with meningeal melanocytosis, Sturge-Weber disease, Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, and spinocerebellar degeneration.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Hidano A, Kajima H, Ikeda S, Mizutani H, Miyasato H, Niimura M. Natural history of nevus of Ota. Arch Dermatol. 1967;95(2):187–95.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Hori Y, Kawashima M, Oohara K, Kukita A. Acquired, bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1984;10(6):961–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Gonder JR, Shields JA, Albert DM. Malignant melanoma of the choroid associated with oculodermal melanocytosis. Ophthalmology. 1981;88(4):372–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Enriquez R, Egbert B, Bullock J. Primary malignant melanoma of central nervous system. Pineal involvement in a patient with nevus of ota and multiple pigmented skin nevi. Arch Pathol. 1973;95(6):392–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Dompmartin A, Leroy D, Labbe D, Letessier JB, Mandard JC. Dermal malignant melanoma developing from a nevus of Ota. Int J Dermatol. 1989;28(8):535–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Patel BC, Egan CA, Lucius RW, Gerwels JW, Mamalis N, Anderson RL. Cutaneous malignant melanoma and oculodermal melanocytosis (nevus of Ota): report of a case and review of the literature. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998;38(5 Pt 2):862–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Hidano A, Kajima H, Endo Y. Bilateral nevus Ota associated with nevus Ito: a case of pigmentation on the lips. Arch Dermatol. 1965;91:357–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Wise SR, Capra G, Martin P, Wallace D, Miller C. Malignant melanoma transformation within a nevus of Ito. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010;62(5):869–74.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Park KD, Choi GS, Lee KH. Extensive aberrant Mongolian spot. J Dermatol. 1995;22(5):330–3.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Rybojad M, Moraillon I, Ogier de Baulny H, Prigent F, Morel P. [Extensive Mongolian spot related to Hurler disease]. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 1999;126(1):35-7

    Google Scholar 

  11. Su F, Li F, Jin HZ. Extensive Mongolian spots in a child with mucolipidosis II. Int J Dermatol. 2010;49(4):438–40.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Hanson M, Lupski JR, Hicks J, Metry D. Association of dermal melanocytosis with lysosomal storage disease: clinical features and hypotheses regarding pathogenesis. Arch Dermatol. 2003;139(7):916–20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Achtelik W, Tronnier M, Wolff HH. [Combined naevus flammeus and naevus fuscocoeruleus: phacomatosis pigmentovascularis type IIa]. Hautarzt. 1997;48(9):653–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Sun CC, Lu YC, Lee EF, Nakagawa H. Naevus fusco-caeruleus zygomaticus. Br J Dermatol. 1987;117(5):545–53.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Levene A. On the natural history and comparative pathology of the blue naevus. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1980;62(5):327–34.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Vidal S, Sanz A, Hernandez B, Sanchez Yus E, Requena L, Baran R. Subungual blue naevus. Br J Dermatol. 1997;137(6):1023–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Bogomoletz W. Blue naevus of oral mucosa. Br J Dermatol. 1968;80(9):611–3.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Lovas GL, Wysocki GP, Daley TD. The oral blue nevus: histogenetic implications of its ultrastructural features. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1983;55(2):145–50.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Heim K, Hopfl R, Muller-Holzner E, Bergant A, Dapunt O. Multiple blue nevi of the vagina. A case report. J Reprod Med. 2000;45(1):42–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Ro JY, Grignon DJ, Ayala AG, Hogan SF, Tetu B, Ordonez NG. Blue nevus and melanosis of the prostate. Electron-microscopic and immunohistochemical studies. Am J Clin Pathol. 1988;90(5):530–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Kawasaki T, Tsuboi R, Ueki R, Fujioka N, Ikeya T, Ogawa H. Congenital giant common blue nevus. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1993;28(4):653–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Zembowicz A, Phadke PA. Blue nevi and variants: an update. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2011;135(3):327–36.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Murali R, McCarthy SW, Scolyer RA. Blue nevi and related lesions: a review highlighting atypical and newly described variants, distinguishing features and diagnostic pitfalls. Adv Anat Pathol. 2009;16(6):365–82.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Li LX, Scolyer RA, Ka VS, McKinnon JG, Shaw HM, McCarthy SW, et al. Pathologic review of negative sentinel lymph nodes in melanoma patients with regional recurrence: a clinicopathologic study of 1152 patients undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy. Am J Surg Pathol. 2003;27(9):1197–202.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Scolyer RA, Murali R, McCarthy SW, Thompson JF. Pathologic examination of sentinel lymph nodes from melanoma patients. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2008;25(2):100–11.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Epstein JI, Erlandson RA, Rosen PP. Nodal blue nevi. A study of three cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1984;8(12):907–15.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Lamovec J. Blue nevus of the lymph node capsule. Report of a new case with review of the literature. Am J Clin Pathol. 1984;81(3):367–72.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Kamino H, Tam ST. Compound blue nevus: a variant of blue nevus with an additional junctional dendritic component. A clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical study of six cases. Arch Dermatol. 1990;126(10):1330–3.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. McCarthy SW, Scolyer RA, Palmer AA. Desmoplastic melanoma: a diagnostic trap for the unwary. Pathology. 2004;36(5):445–51.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Zembowicz A, Mihm MC. Dermal dendritic melanocytic proliferations: an update. Histopathology. 2004;45(5):433–51.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Prieto VG, Shea CR. Immunohistochemistry of melanocytic proliferations. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2011;135(7):853–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Plaza JA, Torres-Cabala C, Evans H, Diwan HA, Suster S, Prieto VG. Cutaneous metastases of malignant melanoma: a clinicopathologic study of 192 cases with emphasis on the morphologic spectrum. Am J Dermatopathol. 2010;32(2):129–36.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Saldanha G, Purnell D, Fletcher A, Potter L, Gillies A, Pringle JH. High BRAF mutation frequency does not characterize all melanocytic tumor types. Int J Cancer. 2004;111(5):705–10.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Van Raamsdonk CD, Griewank KG, Crosby MB, Garrido MC, Vemula S, Wiesner T, et al. Mutations in GNA11 in uveal melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(23):2191–9.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Van Raamsdonk CD, Bezrookove V, Green G, Bauer J, Gaugler L, O’Brien JM, et al. Frequent somatic mutations of GNAQ in uveal melanoma and blue naevi. Nature. 2009;457(7229):599–602.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Ferrara G, Argenziano G, Zgavec B, Bartenjev I, Staibano S, De Rosa G, et al. “Compound blue nevus”: a reappraisal of “superficial blue nevus with prominent intraepidermal dendritic melanocytes” with emphasis on dermoscopic and histopathologic features. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;46(1):85–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Carrera C, Ferrer B, Mascaro Jr JM, Palou J. Compound blue naevus: a potential simulator of melanoma. Br J Dermatol. 2006;155(1):207–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Kucher C, Zhang PJ, Pasha T, Elenitsas R, Wu H, Ming ME, et al. Expression of Melan-A and Ki-67 in desmoplastic melanoma and desmoplastic nevi. Am J Dermatopathol. 2004;26(6):452–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Hilliard NJ, Krahl D, Sellheyer K. p16 expression differentiates between desmoplastic Spitz nevus and desmoplastic melanoma. J Cutan Pathol. 2009;36(7):753–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Gerami P, Beilfuss B, Haghighat Z, Fang Y, Jhanwar S, Busam KJ. Fluorescence in situ hybridization as an ancillary method for the distinction of desmoplastic melanomas from sclerosing melanocytic nevi. J Cutan Pathol. 2011;38(4):329–34.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Zembowicz A, Carney JA, Mihm MC. Pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma: a low-grade melanocytic tumor with metastatic potential indistinguishable from animal-type melanoma and epithelioid blue nevus. Am J Surg Pathol. 2004;28(1):31–40.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Scolyer RA, Murali R, McCarthy SW, Thompson JF. Histologically ambiguous (“borderline”) primary cutaneous melanocytic tumors: approaches to patient management including the roles of molecular testing and sentinel lymph node biopsy. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2010;134(12):1770–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Mandal RV, Murali R, Lundquist KF, Ragsdale BD, Heenan P, McCarthy SW, et al. Pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma: favorable outcome after 5-year follow-up. Am J Surg Pathol. 2009;33(12):1778–82.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Groben PA, Harvell JD, White WL. Epithelioid blue nevus: neoplasm Sui generis or variation on a theme? Am J Dermatopathol. 2000;22(6):473–88.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Howard B, Ragsdale B, Lundquist K. Pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma: two case reports. Dermatol Online J. 2005;11(2):1.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Moreno C, Requena L, Kutzner H, de la Cruz A, Jaqueti G, Yus ES. Epithelioid blue nevus: a rare variant of blue nevus not always associated with the Carney complex. J Cutan Pathol. 2000;27(5):218–23.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Scolyer RA, Thompson JF, Warnke K, McCarthy SW. Pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2004;28(8):1114–5. author reply 5-6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Yazdan P, Haghighat Z, Guitart J, Gerami P. Epithelioid and fusiform blue nevus of chronically sun-damaged skin, an entity distinct from the epithelioid blue nevus of the Carney complex. Am J Surg Pathol. 2013;37(1):81–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Zembowicz A, Knoepp SM, Bei T, Stergiopoulos S, Eng C, Mihm MC, et al. Loss of expression of protein kinase a regulatory subunit 1alpha in pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma but not in melanoma or other melanocytic lesions. Am J Surg Pathol. 2007;31(11):1764–75.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Bender RP, McGinniss MJ, Esmay P, Velazquez EF, Reimann JD. Identification of HRAS mutations and absence of GNAQ or GNA11 mutations in deep penetrating nevi. Mod Pathol. 2013;26(10):1320–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Sade S, Al Habeeb A, Ghazarian D. Spindle cell melanocytic lesions: part II--an approach to intradermal proliferations and horizontally oriented lesions. J Clin Pathol. 2010;63(5):391–409.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Brenn T. Pitfalls in the evaluation of melanocytic lesions. Histopathology. 2012;60(5):690–705.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Bortolani A, Barisoni D, Scomazzoni G. Benign “metastatic” cellular blue nevus. Ann Plast Surg. 1994;33(4):426–31.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Gonzalez-Campora R, Diaz-Cano S, Vazquez-Ramirez F, Ruiz HG, Moreno JC, Camacho F. Cellular blue nevus with massive regional lymph node metastases. Dermatol Surg. 1996;22(1):83–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Misago N, Nagase K, Toda S, Shinoda Y, Koba S, Narisawa Y. Cellular blue nevus with nevus cells in a sentinel lymph node. Eur J Dermatol. 2008;18(5):586–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Mones JM, Ackerman AB. “Atypical” blue nevus, “malignant” blue nevus, and “metastasizing” blue nevus: a critique in historical perspective of three concepts flawed fatally. Am J Dermatopathol. 2004;26(5):407–30.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Zyrek-Betts J, Micale M, Lineen A, Chaudhuri PK, Keil S, Xue J, et al. Malignant blue nevus with lymph node metastases. J Cutan Pathol. 2008;35(7):651–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Perez MT, Suster S. Balloon cell change in cellular blue nevus. Am J Dermatopathol. 1999;21(2):181–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Kazakov DV, Michal M. Melanocytic “ball-in-mitts” and “microalveolar structures” and their role in the development of cellular blue nevi. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2007;11(3):160–75.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Temple-Camp CR, Saxe N, King H. Benign and malignant cellular blue nevus. A clinicopathological study of 30 cases. Am J Dermatopathol. 1988;10(4):289–96.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Tran TA, Carlson JA, Basaca PC, Mihm MC. Cellular blue nevus with atypia (atypical cellular blue nevus): a clinicopathologic study of nine cases. J Cutan Pathol. 1998;25(5):252–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Avidor I, Kessler E. ‘Atypical’ blue nevus--a benign variant of cellular blue nevus. Presentation of three cases. Dermatologica. 1977;154(1):39–44.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Held L, Eigentler TK, Metzler G, Leiter U, Messina JL, Glass LF, et al. Proliferative activity, chromosomal aberrations, and tumor-specific mutations in the differential diagnosis between blue nevi and melanoma. Am J Pathol. 2013;182(3):640–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Bastian BC, Olshen AB, LeBoit PE, Pinkel D. Classifying melanocytic tumors based on DNA copy number changes. Am J Pathol. 2003;163(5):1765–70.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  65. Bastian BC, Xiong J, Frieden IJ, Williams ML, Chou P, Busam K, et al. Genetic changes in neoplasms arising in congenital melanocytic nevi: differences between nodular proliferations and melanomas. Am J Pathol. 2002;161(4):1163–9.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  66. Maize Jr JC, McCalmont TH, Carlson JA, Busam KJ, Kutzner H, Bastian BC. Genomic analysis of blue nevi and related dermal melanocytic proliferations. Am J Surg Pathol. 2005;29(9):1214–20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Zembowicz A, Granter SR, McKee PH, Mihm MC. Amelanotic cellular blue nevus: a hypopigmented variant of the cellular blue nevus: clinicopathologic analysis of 20 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002;26(11):1493–500.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Busam KJ, Woodruff JM, Erlandson RA, Brady MS. Large plaque-type blue nevus with subcutaneous cellular nodules. Am J Surg Pathol. 2000;24(1):92–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Zattra E, Salmaso R, Montesco MC, Pigozzi B, Forchetti G, Alaibac M. Large plaque type blue nevus with subcutaneous cellular nodules. Eur J Dermatol. 2009;19(3):287–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Yeh I, Fang Y, Busam KJ. Melanoma arising in a large plaque-type blue nevus with subcutaneous cellular nodules. Am J Surg Pathol. 2012;36(8):1258–63.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Barnhill RL, Argenyi Z, Berwick M, Duray PH, Erickson L, Guitart J, et al. Atypical cellular blue nevi (cellular blue nevi with atypical features): lack of consensus for diagnosis and distinction from cellular blue nevi and malignant melanoma (“malignant blue nevus”). Am J Surg Pathol. 2008;32(1):36–44.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Imaging interpretation session: 1996. Fibrolipomatous hamartoma of the median nerve and macrodystrophia lipomatosa (MDL). Radiographics. 1997;17(1):258–61.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Connelly J, Smith Jr JL. Malignant blue nevus. Cancer. 1991;67(10):2653–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Goldenhersh MA, Savin RC, Barnhill RL, Stenn KS. Malignant blue nevus. Case report and literature review. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1988;19(4):712–22.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Gerami P, Mafee M, Lurtsbarapa T, Guitart J, Haghighat Z, Newman M. Sensitivity of fluorescence in situ hybridization for melanoma diagnosis using RREB1, MYB, Cep6, and 11q13 probes in melanoma subtypes. Arch Dermatol. 2010;146(3):273–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Allen AC, Spitz S. Malignant melanoma; a clinicopathological analysis of the criteria for diagnosis and prognosis. Cancer. 1953;6(1):1–45.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Granter SR, McKee PH, Calonje E, Mihm Jr MC, Busam K. Melanoma associated with blue nevus and melanoma mimicking cellular blue nevus: a clinicopathologic study of 10 cases on the spectrum of so-called ‘malignant blue nevus’. Am J Surg Pathol. 2001;25(3):316–23.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Satoh K, Kageshita T, Ono T, Arao T. A case of malignant blue nevus. Nihon Hifuka Gakkai Zasshi. 1985;95(13):1461–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. van Krieken JH, Boom BW, Scheffer E. Malignant transformation in a naevus of Ito. A case report. Histopathology. 1988;12(1):100–2.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Barnhill RL, Cerroni L, Cook M, Elder DE, Kerl H, LeBoit PE, et al. State of the art, nomenclature, and points of consensus and controversy concerning benign melanocytic lesions: outcome of an international workshop. Adv Anat Pathol. 2010;17(2):73–90.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Martin RC, Murali R, Scolyer RA, Fitzgerald P, Colman MH, Thompson JF. So-called “malignant blue nevus”: a clinicopathologic study of 23 patients. Cancer. 2009;115(13):2949–55.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Schneider S, Bartels CG, Maza S, Sterry W. Detection of micrometastasis in a sentinel lymph node of a patient with malignant blue nevus: a case report. Dermatol Surg. 2006;32(8):1089–92.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Shirbacheh MV, Mihm MC, Stadelmann WK. The use of selective lymphadenectomy in malignant blue naevus of the scalp. Br J Plast Surg. 2003;56(1):44–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Busam KJ. Metastatic melanoma to the skin simulating blue nevus. Am J Surg Pathol. 1999;23(3):276–82.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Costa S, Byrne M, Pissaloux D, Haddad V, Paindavoine S, Thomas L, et al. Melanomas associated with blue nevi or mimicking cellular blue nevi: clinical, pathologic, and molecular study of 11 cases displaying a high frequency of GNA11 mutations, BAP1 expression loss, and a predilection for the scalp. Am J Surg Pathol. 2016;40(3):368–77. doi:10.1097/PAS.0000000000000568.

  86. Gammon B, Beilfuss B, Guitart J, Busam KJ, Gerami P. Fluorescence in situ hybridization for distinguishing cellular blue nevi from blue nevus-like melanoma. J Cutan Pathol. 2011;38(4):335–41.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Seab Jr JA, Graham JH, Helwig EB. Deep penetrating nevus. Am J Surg Pathol. 1989;13(1):39–44.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Robson A, Morley-Quante M, Hempel H, McKee PH, Calonje E. Deep penetrating naevus: clinicopathological study of 31 cases with further delineation of histological features allowing distinction from other pigmented benign melanocytic lesions and melanoma. Histopathology. 2003;43(6):529–37.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Barnhill RL, Mihm Jr MC, Magro CM. Plexiform spindle cell naevus: a distinctive variant of plexiform melanocytic naevus. Histopathology. 1991;18(3):243–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Luzar B, Calonje E. Deep penetrating nevus: a review. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2011;135(3):321–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Tuthill RJ, Clark Jr WH, Levene A. Pilar neurocristic hamartoma: its relationship to blue nevus and equine melanotic disease. Arch Dermatol. 1982;118(8):592–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Mezebish D, Smith K, Williams J, Menon P, Crittenden J, Skelton H. Neurocristic cutaneous hamartoma: a distinctive dermal melanocytosis with an unknown malignant potential. Mod Pathol. 1998;11(6):573–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Smith KJ, Mezebish D, Williams J, Elgart ML, Skelton HG. The spectrum of neurocristic cutaneous hamartoma: clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of three cases. Ann Diagn Pathol. 1998;2(4):213–23.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Karamitopoulou-Diamantis E, Paredes B, Vajtai I. Cutaneous neurocristic hamartoma with blue naevus-like features and plexiform dermal hyperneury. Histopathology. 2006;49(3):326–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Pathy AL, Helm TN, Elston D, Bergfeld WF, Tuthill RJ. Malignant melanoma arising in a blue nevus with features of pilar neurocristic hamartoma. J Cutan Pathol. 1993;20(5):459–64.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Pearson JP, Weiss SW, Headington JT. Cutaneous malignant melanotic neurocristic tumors arising in neurocristic hamartomas. A melanocytic tumor morphologically and biologically distinct from common melanoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 1996;20(6):665–77.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Linskey KR, Dias-Santagata D, Nazarian RM, Le LP, Lam Q, Bellucci KS, et al. Malignant neurocristic hamartoma: a tumor distinct from conventional melanoma and malignant blue nevus. Am J Surg Pathol. 2011;35(10):1570–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Dermatopathology, Miraca Life Sciences, Dallas, TX, USA

    Jose A. Plaza

  2. MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA

    Victor G. Prieto

Authors
  1. Jose A. Plaza
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Victor G. Prieto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Plaza, J.A., Prieto, V.G. (2017). Dermal Melanocytoses. In: Pathology of Pigmented Skin Lesions. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-52721-4_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-52721-4_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-52719-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-52721-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation