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Anomalies of the Left Ventricular Outflow Tract

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Cardiac Surgery

Abstract

Congenital left ventricular outflow tract obstruction accounts for 10 % of all congenital heart disease. The decision-making process and treatment management are challenging due to heterogeneous makeup of patients. All available treatment options provide palliation, but not a cure. Reconstruction of the aortic valve is an attractive option which preserves growth potential of the native valve and stabilizes geometry of the left ventricle, and valve repair does not rule out the future valve replacement options. In some children, the best alternative is to use a pulmonary autograft or prosthetic valve, despite the well-known drawbacks of these procedures. The Ross procedure has the capacity for growth and provides favorable hemodynamic, but durability limitations become apparent by the end of the first postoperative decade, in particular in younger patients. Prosthetic mechanical valves are durable; however, anticoagulation therapy is required, which is attended by the problems of thromboembolism and bleeding. Bioprosthetic valves and heterografts in children do not require anticoagulation, but there is no growth potential, and particularly the durability is limited requiring early reoperations.

Anatomy, pathophysiology, clinical signs, and symptoms as well as indication, timing of surgical correction, and long-term outcomes are described in detail for each lesion.

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  1. Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, German Pediatric Heart Center, Asklepios Clinic Sankt Augustin, Arnold Jansen Str. 29, 53757, Sankt Augustin, NRW, Germany

    Viktor Hraška VH, MD, PhD & Joachim Photiadis JP, MD, PhD

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  1. Viktor Hraška VH, MD, PhD
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Correspondence to Viktor Hraška VH, MD, PhD .

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  1. Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Gerhard Ziemer

  2. HTTG - Surgery, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany

    Axel Haverich

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Hraška, V., Photiadis, J. (2017). Anomalies of the Left Ventricular Outflow Tract. In: Ziemer, G., Haverich, A. (eds) Cardiac Surgery. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-52672-9_16

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