Advertisement

Führung

  • Frank Hänsel
  • Sören D. Baumgärtner
  • Julia M. Kornmann
  • Fabienne Ennigkeit
Chapter
First Online:
  • 14k Downloads
Part of the Springer-Lehrbuch book series (SLB)

Zusammenfassung

Immer wieder ist zu beobachten – so auch beim „Sommermärchen“ Fußballweltmeisterschaft 2006 – wie ein Trainer eine junge, unerfahrene Mannschaft mit viel Elan und Herzblut zu einem unerwartet großen Erfolg führt. In diesem Kapitel wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche Eigenschaften Trainer mitbringen und welches Führungsverhalten sie zeigen sollten, um erfolgreich zu sein. Nach einer Begriffsbestimmung werden eigenschafts-, verhaltens- und situationsorientierte Führungstheorien und -modelle vorgestellt, die versuchen, Faktoren für den Führungserfolg zu bestimmen. Zudem werden zwei sportspezifische Führungsmodelle, das Mediationsmodell der Führung und das multidimensionale Modell des Trainerverhaltens, beschrieben. Darauffolgend werden die empirischen Befunde zu den Effekten von Führung präsentiert. Zusätzlich werden einschlägige Messinstrumente und Interventionsmöglichkeiten vorgestellt.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Literatur

  1. Alfermann, D. (2006). Führung im Sport. In H. Haag & B. Strauß (Hrsg.), Themenfelder der Sportwissenschaft (S. 79–90). Schorndorf: Hofmann.Google Scholar
  2. Alfermann, D. (2010). Trainer- und Trainerinnenverhalten. In O. Stoll, I. Pfeffer, & D. Alfermann (Hrsg.), Lehrbuch Sportpsychologie (S. 149–172). Bern: Huber.Google Scholar
  3. Alfermann, D., Lee, M. J., & Würth, S. (2005). Perceived leadership behavior and motivational climate as antecedents of athletes’ skill development. Athletic Insight – The Online Journal of Sport Psychology, 7(2), 14–36.Google Scholar
  4. Alfermann, D., Saborowski, C., & Würth, S. (1997). Entwicklung und Überprüfung der deutschsprachigen Meßinstrumente im Projekt „Soziale Einflüsse auf die Karriereübergänge bei jugendlichen Athletinnen und Athleten in Großbritannien und den neuen Bundesländern“ (DFG Az. Al 305/5-1). Unveröffentlichtes Manuskript, Sportwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Universität Leipzig.Google Scholar
  5. Allen, J. B., & Howe, B. (1998). Player ability, coach feedback, and female adolescent athletes’ perceived competence and satisfaction. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 20(3), 280–299.Google Scholar
  6. Amorose, A. J., & Horn, T. S. (2000). Intrinsic motivation: Relationships with collegiate athletes’ gender, scholarship status, and perceptions of their coaches’ behavior. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 22, 63–84.Google Scholar
  7. Amorose, A. J., & Horn, T. S. (2001). Pre- to post-season changes in the intrinsic motivation of first-year college athletes: Relationship with coaching behavior and scholarship status. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 13(4), 355–373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. Andrew, D. P. S. (2009). The impact of leadership behavior on satisfaction of college tennis players: A test of the leadership behavior congruency hypothesis of the multidimensional model of leadership. Journal of Sport Behavior, 32(3), 261–277.Google Scholar
  9. Auweele, Y. (1999). Psychology for physical educators. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.Google Scholar
  10. Barrick, M. R., Mount, M. K., & Judge, T. A. (2001). Personality and performance at the beginning of the new millennium: What do we know and where do we go next? International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 9(1–2), 9–30. doi: 10.1111/1468-2389.00160 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. Bloom, G. A., Crumpton, R., & Anderson, J. (1999). A systematic observation study of the teaching behaviors of an expert basketball coach. Sport Psychologist, 13(2), 157–170.Google Scholar
  12. Cachay, K., Borggrefe, C., & Thiel, A. (2007). „Ich muss etwas vermitteln, ich muss überzeugen“ – Sozialkompetenz von Trainerinnen und Trainern im Spitzensport. Leistungssport, 37(1), 5–10.Google Scholar
  13. Chelladurai, P. (1978). A contingency model of leadership in athletics. Unpubl. doctoral dissertation, University of Waterloo, Canada.Google Scholar
  14. Chelladurai, P. (1984). Discrepancy between preferences and perceptions of leadership behavior and satisfaction of atheletes in varying sports. Journal of Sport Psychology, 6(1), 27–41.Google Scholar
  15. Chelladurai, P. (1990). Leadership in sports: A review. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 21(4), 328–354.Google Scholar
  16. Chelladurai, P. (1993). Leadership. In R. N. Singer, M. Murphey, & L. K. Tennant (Eds.), Handbook of research on sport psychology (pp. 647–671). New York, NY: MacMillan.Google Scholar
  17. Chelladurai, P. (1999). Human resource management in sport and recreation. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.Google Scholar
  18. Chelladurai, P. (2007). Leadership in sports. In G. Tenenbaum & R. C. Ekland (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology (3rd ed., pp. 113–135). New York, NY: Wiley.Google Scholar
  19. Chelladurai, P., & Haggerty, T. R. (1978). A normative model of decision styles in coaching. Athletic Administrator, 13(2), 6–9.Google Scholar
  20. Chelladurai, P., & Riemer, H. A. (1998). Measurement of leadership in sport. In J. L. Duda (Eds.), Advances in sport and exercise psychology (pp. 227–253). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.Google Scholar
  21. Chelladurai, P., & Saleh, S. D. (1978). Preferred leadership in sports. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Science, 3, 85–92.Google Scholar
  22. Chelladurai, P., & Saleh, S. D. (1980). Dimensions of leadership behavior in sports: Development of a leadership scale. Journal of Sport Psychology, 2(1), 34–45.Google Scholar
  23. Conzelmann, A., Hänsel, F., & Höner, O. (2013). Individuum und Handeln – Sportpsychologie. In A. Güllich & M. Krüger (Hrsg.), Sport – Das Lehrbuch für das Sportstudium (S. 271–337). Berlin: Springer.Google Scholar
  24. Duda, J. L., & Whitehead, J. (1998). Measurement of goal perspectives in the physical domain. In J. L. Duda (Eds.), Advances in sport and exercise psychology measurement (pp. 21–48). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.Google Scholar
  25. Escarti, A., & Guzman, J. F. (1999). Effects of feedback on self-efficacy, performance and choice in an athletic task. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 11(1), 83–96. doi: 10.1080/10413209908402952 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. Fiedler, F. E. (1967). A theory of leadership effectiveness. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.Google Scholar
  27. Fleishman, E. (1953). Leadership climate, human relations training, and supervisory behavior. Personnel Psychology, 6(2), 205–222. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.1953.tb01040.x CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. Gardener, D. E., Shields, D. L. L., Bredemeier, B. J. L., & Bostrom, A. (1996). The relationship between perceived coaching behaviors and team cohesion among baseball and softball players. The Sport Psychologist, 10, 367–381.Google Scholar
  29. Gebert, D., & Rosenstiel, L. v. (2002). Organisationspsychologie (5. aktual. u. erw. Aufl.). Stuttgart: Kohlhammer.Google Scholar
  30. Hersey, P., & Blanchard, K. (1972). Management of organization behavior. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
  31. Hollembeak, J., & Amorose, A. J. (2005). Perceived coaching behaviors and college athletes’ intrinsic motivation: A test of self-determination theory. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 17(1), 20–36. doi: 10.1080/10413200590907540 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  32. Horn, T. S. (1985). Coaches’ feedback and changes in children’s perceptions of their physical competence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 77(2), 174–186. doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.77.2.174 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  33. Horn, T. S. (2002). Coaching Effectiveness in the sport domain. In T. S. Horn (Eds.), Advances in sport psychology (2nd ed., pp. 309–354). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.Google Scholar
  34. Horne, T., & Carron, A. V. (1985). Compatibility in coach-athlete relationship. Journal of Sport Psychology, 7(2), 137–149.Google Scholar
  35. House, R. J. (1971). A path-goal theory of leader effectiveness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 16, 321–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  36. Lewin, K., Lippitt, R., & White, R. K. (1939). Patterns of aggressive behavior in experimentally created „social climates“. Journal of Social Psychology, 10(2), 271–299. doi: 10.1080/00224545.1939.9713366 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  37. Lord, R. G., De Vader, C. L., & Alliger, G. M. (1986). A meta-analysis of the relation between personality traits and leadership perceptions: An application of validity generalization procedures. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 402–410. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.402 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  38. Mann, R. D. (1959). A review of the relationship between personality and performance in small groups. Psychological Bulletin, 56(4), 214–270. doi: 10.1037/h0044587 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  39. McCall, M. W. J. (1998). High flyers. Developing the next generation of leaders. Boston, MA: Havard Business School Press.Google Scholar
  40. Neuberger, O. (2002). Führen und führen lassen (6. völlig neu bearb. u. erw. Aufl.). Stuttgart: Lucius & Lucius.Google Scholar
  41. Ogilvie, B. C., & Tutko, T. A. (1966). Problem athletes and how to handle them. London: Palham Books.Google Scholar
  42. Ogilvie, B. C., & Tutko, T. A. (1970). Self-perceptions as compared with measured personality of selected male physical educators. In G. S. Kenyon (Eds.), Contemporary psychology of sport (pp. 73–78). Chicago, IL: Athletic Institute.Google Scholar
  43. Pfeffer, I., Würth, S., & Alfermann, D. (2004). Die subjektive Wahrnehmung der Trainer-Athlet-Interaktion in Individualsportarten und Mannschaftsspielen. Zeitschrift für Sportpsychologie, 11(1), 24–32. doi: 10.1026/1612-5010.11.1.24 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  44. Prati, G., & Pietrantoni, L. (2013). The effects of congruency and discrepancy of sport leadership behaviors on objektive perfromance. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 44(6), 546–564. doi: 10.7352/IJSP2013.44.546 Google Scholar
  45. Riemer, H. A., & Toon, K. (2001). Leadership and satisfaction in tennis: Examination of congruence, gender, and ability. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 72(3), 243–256. doi: 10.1080/02701367.2001.10608957 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  46. Roberts, G. C., Treasure, D. C., & Conroy, D. E. (2007). Understanding the dynamics of motivation in sport and physical activity. An achievement goal interpretation. In G. Tenenbaum & R. C. Ekland (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology (3rd ed., pp. 3–30). New York, NY: Wiley.Google Scholar
  47. Seifriz, J. J., Duda, J. L., & Chi, L.-K. (1992). The relationship of perceived motivation climate to intrinsic motivation and beliefs about success in basketball. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 14(4), 375–391.Google Scholar
  48. Serpa, S., Pataco, V., & Santos, F. (1991). Leadership patterns in handball international competition. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 22(1), 78–89.Google Scholar
  49. Shields, D. L. L., Gardener, D. E., Bredemeier, B. J. L., & Bostro, A. (1997). The relationship between leadership behaviors and group cohesion in team sports. Journal of Psychology, 131(2), 196–210. doi: 10.1080/00223989709601964 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  50. Smith, R. E., Smoll, F. L., & Curtis, B. (1979). Coach effectiveness training: A cognitive-behavioral approach to enhancing relationship skills in youth sport coaches. Journal of Sport Psychology, 1(1), 59–75.Google Scholar
  51. Smith, R. E., Smoll, F. L., & Hunt, E. (1977). A system for the behavioral assessment of athletic coaches. Research Quarterly, 48(2), 401–407. doi: 10.1080/10671315.1977.10615438 PubMedGoogle Scholar
  52. Smoll, F. L., & Smith, R. E. (1989). Leadership behaviors in sport: A theoretical model and research paradigm. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 19(18), 1522–1551. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1989.tb01462.x CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  53. Smoll, F. L., & Smith, R. E. (1993). Educating youth sport coaches: An applied sport psychology perspective. In J. M. Williams (Eds.), Applied sport psychology: Personal growth to peak performance (2nd ed., pp. 36–57). Mountain View: Mayfield.Google Scholar
  54. Smoll, F. L., & Smith, R. E. (2002). Coaching behavior research and intervention in youth sports. In F. L. Smoll & R. E. Smith (Eds.), Children and youth in sport (2nd ed., pp. 211–233). Dubuque: Kendall/Hunt.Google Scholar
  55. Smoll, F. L., Smith, R. E., Curtis, B., & Hunt, E. (1978). Toward a mediational model of coach-player relationship. Research Quarterly, 49(4), 528–541. doi: 10.1080/10671315.1978.10615567 PubMedGoogle Scholar
  56. Stogdill, R. M. (1948). Personal factors associated with leadership. Journal of Psychology, 25(1), 35–71. doi: 10.1080/00223980.1948.9917362 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  57. Tett, R. P., Jackson, D. N., & Rothstein, M. (1991). Personality measures as predictors of job performance: A meta-analytic review. Personnel Psychology, 44(4), 703–742. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.1991.tb00696.x CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  58. Tharp, R. G., & Gallimore, R. (1976). What a coach can teach a teacher. Psychology today, 9(8), 74–78.Google Scholar
  59. Thiel, A., & Cachay, K. (2006). Sozialkompetenz von Trainerinnen und Trainern im Spitzensport: Zugriff am 15.07.2010 unter http://www.bisp.de/cln_051/.
  60. Trail, G. T. (2004). Leadership, cohesion, and outcomes in scholastic sports. International Journal of Sport Management, 5(2), 111–132.Google Scholar
  61. Treutlein, G., Hanke, U., & Janalik, H. (1992). Das Heidelberger Verfahren zur Diagnose und Veränderung von Trainerverhalten (HDVT). Leistungssport, 22(6), 59–64.Google Scholar
  62. Treutlein, G., Janalik, H., & Hanke, U. (1989). Wie Trainer wahrnehmen, denken, fühlen und handeln. Köln: Strauß.Google Scholar
  63. Vallerand, R. J., & Losier, G. F. (1999). An integrative analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 11(1), 142–169. doi: 10.1080/10413209908402956 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  64. von Rosenstiel, L. (2006). Führung. In H. Schuler (Hrsg.), Lehrbuch der Personalpsychologie (S. 354–379). Göttingen: Hogrefe.Google Scholar
  65. von Rosenstiel, L., Molt, W., & Rüttinger, B. (2005). Organisationspsychologie (9. vollst. überarb. u. erw. Aufl.). Stuttgart: Kohlhammer.Google Scholar
  66. Weinberg, R. S., & Gould, D. (2007). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology (4th ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.Google Scholar
  67. Weiss, M. R., & Friedrichs, W. D. (1986). The influence of leader beahviors, coach attributes, and institutional variables on performance and satisfaction of collegiate basketball teams. Journal of Sport Psychology, 8(4), 332–346.Google Scholar
  68. Zhang, J., Jensen, B. E., & Mann, B. L. (1997). Modification and revision of the leadership scale for sport. Journal of Sport Behavior, 20(1), 105–122.Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016

Authors and Affiliations

  • Frank Hänsel
    • 1
  • Sören D. Baumgärtner
    • 2
  • Julia M. Kornmann
    • 3
  • Fabienne Ennigkeit
    • 4
  1. 1.Institut für SportwissenschaftTechnische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadtDeutschland
  2. 2.Institut für SportwissenschaftenGoethe-Universität Frankfurt am MainFrankfurtDeutschland
  3. 3.Institut für SportwissenschaftTechnische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadtDeutschland
  4. 4.Institut für SportwissenschaftenGoethe-Universität Frankfurt am MainFrankfurtDeutschland

Personalised recommendations

Cite chapter

Buy options