Skip to main content

Hypnotika und Sedativa

  • Chapter
Arzneiverordnungs-Report 2016

Zusammenfassung

Auffälligste Entwicklung bei den Schlafmitteln ist der seit über 20 Jahren zu beobachtende starke Verordnungsrückgang um fast 80%. Die Rückgänge betrugen im vergangenen Jahr bei den Benzodiazepinen 10% und bei den Benzodiazepinagonisten Zolpidem und Zopiclon 2%. Die Verordnungen von Melatonin haben wiederum um über 20% zugenommen. Pflanzliche Hypnotika sind nur noch mit einem Präparat vertreten.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 64.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • American Academy of Sleep Medicine (2005): The international classification of sleep disorders. 2nd Ed Anonym (2007): Zolpidem (Stilnox u. a.): Schlafwandeln, „Schlafessen“ und „Schlaffahren“. Arzneitelegramm 38: 31–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker HF, Mayer G, Penzel T (2004): Schlafstörungen und schlafbezogene Atmungsstörungen. Internist 45: 57–81

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bjorvatn B, Fiske E, Pallesen S (2011): A self-help book is better than sleep hygiene advice for insomnia: a randomized controlled comparative study. Scand J Psychol. 52: 580–585

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Black JE, Brooks SN, Nishino S (2004): Narcolepsy and syndromes of primary excessive daytime somnolence. Semin Neurol 24: 271–282

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brzezinski A, Vangel MG, Wurtman RJ, Norrie G, Zhdanova I, Ben-Shushan A, Ford I (2005): Effects of exogenous melatonin on sleep: a meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 9: 41–50

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buscemi N, Vandermeer B, Hooton N, Pandya R, Tjosvold L, Hartling L, Baker G, Klassen TP, Vohra S (2005): The efficacy and safety of exogenous melatonin for primary sleep disorders. A meta-analysis. J Gen Intern Med 20: 1151–1158

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng SK, Dizon J (2012): Computerised cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychother Psychosom. 81: 206–216

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cimolai N (2007): Zopiclone: is it a pharmacologic agent for abuse? Can Fam Physician 53: 2124–2129

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Crestani F, Martin JR, Möhler H, Rudolph U (2000): Mechanism of action of the hypnotic zolpidem in vivo. Br J Pharmacol 131: 1251–1254

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Deutsche Gesellschaft für Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin (DGSM) (2009): S3-Leitlinie Nicht erholsamer Schlaf/Schlafstörungen. Somnologie 13: 4–160. Internet: http://www.awmf.org/leitlinien/detail/ll/063-001.html

  • Dündar Y, Dodd S, Strobl J, Boland A, Dickson R, Walley T (2004): Comparative efficacy of newer hypnotic drugs for the short-term management of insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Psychopharmacol. 19: 305–322

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • European Medicines Agency (2007): Circadin. Europäischer öffentlicher Beurteilungsbericht (EPAR). Internet: http://www.emea.europa.eu/humandocs/PDFs/EPAR/circadin/H-695-en6.pdf

  • European Medicines Agency (2009/2011): Guideline on medicinal products for the treatment of insomnia. EMA/CHMP/16274/2009. Internet: http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/pages/includes/document/open_document.jsp?web-ContentId=WC500102351

  • Farkas RH, Unger EF, Temple R (2013): Zolpidem and driving impairment—identifying persons at risk. N Engl J Med 369: 689–691

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ferracioli-Oda E, Qawasmi A, Bloch MH (2013): Meta-analysis: melatonin for the treatment of primary sleep disorders. PLOS One 8(5): e63773

    Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Borreguero D, Odin P, Schwarz C (2004): Restless legs syndrome: an overview of the current understanding and management. Acta Neurol Scand 109: 303–317

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Glass JR, Sproule BA, Herrmann N, Streiner D, Busto UE (2003): Acute pharmacological effects of temazepam, diphenhydramine, and valerian in healthy elderly subjects. J Clin Psychopharmacol 23: 260–268

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Glass J, Lanctot KL, Herrmann N, Sproule BA, Busto UE (2005): Sedative hypnotics in older people with insomnia: meta-analysis of risks and benefits. Br Med J 331: 1169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hajak G, Müller WE, Wittchen HU, Pittrow D, Kirch W (2003): Abuse and dependence potential for the non-benzodiazepine hypnotics zolpidem and zopiclone: a review of case reports and epidemiological data. Addiction 98: 1371–1378

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Happe S (2003): Excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep disturbances in patients with neurological diseases: epidemiology and management. Drugs 63: 2725–2737

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haupt M, Cruz-Jentoft A, Jeste D (2006): Mortality in elderly dementia patients treated with risperidone. J Clin Psychopharmacol 26: 566–570

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herxheimer A (2005): Jet lag. Clin Evid 13: 2178–2183

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmann F, Glaeske G (2014): Benzodiazepinhypnotika, Zolpidem und Zopiclon auf Privatrezept. Verbrauch zwischen 1993 und 2012. Nervenarzt 85: 1402–1409

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huedo-Medina TB, Kirsch I, Middlemass J, Klonizakis M, Siriwardena AN (2012): Effectiveness of non-benzodiazepine hypnotics in treatment of adult insomnia: meta-analysis of data submitted to the Food and Drug Administration. BMJ Dec 17; 345: e8343

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs GD, PACE-Schott EF, Stickgold R, Otto MW (2004): Cognitive behavior therapy and pharmacotherapy for insomnia: a randomized controlled trial and direct comparison. Arch Intern Med 164: 1888–1896

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klotz U (1995): Benzodiazepin-Hypnotika; Pharmakokinetik. In: Riederer P, Laux G, Pöldinger W (Hrsg): Neuropsychopharmaka, Bd 2. Springer-Verlag, Wien, S. 135–139

    Google Scholar 

  • Kripke DF, Langer RD, Kline LE (2012): Hypnotics’ association with mortality or cancer: a matched cohort study. BMJ Open. 2012 Feb 27; 2(1): e000850

    Google Scholar 

  • Lader M (1987): Clinical Pharmacology of Benzodiazepines. Ann Rev Med 38: 19–28

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mattila T, Stoyanova V, Elferink A, Gispen-de Wied C, de Boer A, Wohlfarth T (2011): Insomnia medication: do published studies reflect the complete picture of efficacy and safety? Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 21: 500–507

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Health and Social Policy (2009): Clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with insomnia in primary care. Madrid. Internet: http://www.guiasalud.es/egpc/traduccion/ingles/insomnio/completa/

  • Morgan K, Dixon S, Mathers N, Thompson J, Tomeny M (2003): Psychological treatment for insomnia in the management of long-term hypnotic drug use: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Br J Gen Pract 53: 923–928

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Morin CM, Benca R (2012): Chronic insomnia. Lancet 379: 1129–1141

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morin CM, Bootzin RR, Buysse DJ, Edinger JD, Espie CA, Lichstein KL (2006): Psychological and behavioral treatment of insomnia. Sleep 29: 1398–1414

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2004): Guidance on the use of zaleplon, zolpidem and zopiclone for the short-term management of insomnia. NICE technology appraisal guidance [TA77]. Internet: https:/www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta77

    Google Scholar 

  • National Institutes of Health State of the Science conference statement (2005): Manifestations and management of chronic insomnia in adults. Sleep 28: 1049–1057

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohayon MM (2002): Epidemiology of insomnia: what we know and what we still nee to learn. Sleep Med Rev 6: 97–111

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perlis ML, McCall WV, Krystal AD, Walsh JK (2004): Long-term, non-nightly administration of zolpidem in the treatment of patients with primary insomnia. J Clin Psychiatry 65: 1128–1137

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Randall S, Roehrs TA, Roth T (2012): Efficacy of eight months of nightly zolpidem: a prospective placebo-controlled study. Sleep 35: 1551–1557

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Riemann D, Hajak G (2009a): Insomnien. I. Ätiologie, Pathophysiologie und Diagnostik. Nervenarzt 80: 1060–1069

    Google Scholar 

  • Riemann D, Hajak G (2009b): Insomnien. II. Pharmakologische und psychotherapeutische Behandlungsmöglichkeiten. Nervenarzt 80: 1327–1340

    Google Scholar 

  • Roehrs TA, Randall S, Harris E, Maan R, Roth T (2012): Twelve months of nightly zolpidem does not lead to rebound insomnia or withdrawal symptoms: a prospective placebo-controlled study. J Psychopharmacol 26: 1088–1095

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sack RL (2010): Clinical practice. Jet lag. N Engl J Med 362: 440–447

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sateia MJ, Nowell PD (2004): Insomnia. Lancet 364: 1959–1973

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sarris J, Byrne GJ (2011): A systematic review of insomnia and complementary medicine. Sleep Med Rev 15: 99–106

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schenck CH, Mahowald MW, Sack RL (2003): Assessment and management of insomnia. JAMA 289: 2475–2479

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schapira AH (2004): Restless legs syndrome: an update on treatment options. Drugs 64: 149–158

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schlack R, Hapke U, Maske U, Busch M, Cohrs S (2013): Häufigkeit und Verteilung von Schlafproblemen und Insomnie in der deutschen Erwachsenenbevölkerung. Ergebnisse der Studie zur Gesundheit Erwachsener in Deutschland (DEGS1). Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 56: 740–748

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schutte-Rodin S, Broch L, Buysse D, Dorsey C, Sateia M (2008): Clinical guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic insomnia in adults. J Clin Sleep Med. 4: 487–504

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Shen J, Chung SA, Kayumov L, Moller H, Hossain N, Wang X et al (2006): Polysomnographic and symptomatological analyses of major depressive disorder patients treated with mirtazapine. Can J Psychiatry 51: 27–34

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh JK, Roth T, Randazzo A, Erman M, Jamieson A, Scharf M, Schweitzer PK, Ware JC (2000): Eight weeks of nonnightly use of zolpidem for primary insomnia. Sleep 23:1087–1096

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weich S, Pearce HL, Croft P, Singh S, Crome I, Bashford J, Frisher M (2014): Effect of anxiolytic and hypnotic drug prescriptions on mortality hazards: retrospective cohort study. BMJ 2014 Mar 19; 348: g1996. doi:10.1136/bmj.g1996

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wiegand MH (2003): Arzneimittelbehandlung von Schlafstörungen im Alter. Internist 44: 1187–1192

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson SJ, Nutt DJ, Alford C, Argyropoulos SV, Baldwin DS, Bateson AN, Britton TC, Crowe C, Dijk DJ, Espie CA, Gringras P, Hajak G, Idzikowski C, Krystal AD, Nash JR, Selsick H, Sharpley AL, Wade AG (2010): British Association for Psychopharmacology consensus statement on evidence- based treatment of insomnia, parasomnias and circadian rhythm disorders. J Psychopharmacol 24: 1577–1601

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Winkelman JW (2015): Insomnia disorder. N Engl J Med 373: 1437–1444

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lohse, M., Müller-Oerlinghausen, B. (2016). Hypnotika und Sedativa. In: Schwabe, U., Paffrath, D. (eds) Arzneiverordnungs-Report 2016. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-50351-5_29

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-50351-5_29

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-50350-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-50351-5

  • eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics