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Körperliche Aktivität und Gesundheit pp 123–137Cite as

Bewegung und Gesundheit im Kindesalter

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Zusammenfassung

Abwechslungsreiche regelmäßige Belastungen des Bewegungs- und Herzkreislaufsystems sowie aktivitätsbedingte Anforderungen an das Nervensystem und die inneren Organe trainieren eine hohe Anpassungs- und Leistungsfähigkeit des kindlichen und jugendlichen Organismus. Im Kleinkindalter dominieren spielerische Aktivitäten. Schnelligkeits- und Ausdaueraspekte im Schulkindalter sowie Kraftausdauer und Maximalkraft im weiteren Entwicklungsverlauf komplettieren die Bewegungsmuster. Präventive Aspekte durch Bewegung sind bereits im Kindesalter nachweisbar und entfalten ihre Wirkung insbesondere am Bewegungsapparat und bei der Prävention von Stoffwechselerkrankungen (incl. Übergewicht). Die Intensität und Dauer eines Ausdauertrainings sollte altersentsprechend durchgeführt werden und motivationale Aspekte des Kindes beachten. Beim Krafttraining, welches bereits im Schulkind- und Jugendalter durchgeführt werden kann, ist auf eine technisch korrekte Ausführung durch Anleitung und Betreuung zu achten, um langfristig die Strukturen des Bewegungsapparates zu stabilisieren. Schmerzen, vegetative Symptome, sportliche Stagnation sowie Leistungseinbußen in anderen Lebensbereichen sind typische Warnsignale für eine Überlastung. Chronische Krankheiten im Kindesalter stellen keinen Hinderungsgrund für Bewegung und Sport dar. Körperliche Aktivität kann im Gegenteil supportiv wirksam sein und die medizinische Therapie unterstützen, mindestens aber die Lebensqualität verbessern.

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  1. Abteilung Sportmedizin, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Ginnheimer Landstraße 39, 60487, Frankfurt am Main

    Dr. Andreas Rosenhagen

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  1. Institut für Sportwissenschaften, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Deutschland

    Winfried Banzer

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Rosenhagen, A. (2017). Bewegung und Gesundheit im Kindesalter. In: Banzer, W. (eds) Körperliche Aktivität und Gesundheit. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-50335-5_9

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