Zusammenfassung
Die demographische Entwicklung – die Zunahme der Lebenserwartung und der Anstieg der Anzahl der Älteren – stellt westliche Gesellschaften vor neuen Herausforderungen. Zwar sind die heutigen Älteren gesünder und in ihrer funktionalen Gesundheit weniger eingeschränkt als frühere Kohorten, dennoch häufen sich chronische Erkrankungen und gesundheitliche Einbußen mit zunehmendem Alter. Weil bewegungs- und trainingsinduzierte Anpassungen (Trainierbarkeit) im Alter erhalten bleiben, können körperliche Aktivität und Training die Auswirkungen des Alterungsprozesses deutlich verlangsamen und sogar zeitweise aufhalten. Körperliche Aktivität, selbst wenn sie erst im späteren Lebensverlauf aufgenommen wird, führt zu einem Überlebensvorteil und steigert die Lebensqualität. Gezielte Trainingsinterventionen reduzieren das Sturzrisiko, verbessern die Fähigkeit, Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens auszuführen und somit eine selbständige Lebensführung möglichst lang zu erhalten.
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- 1.
Die Handgreifkraft wird meistens mithilfe eines Handdynamometers gemessen. Die Messperson sitzt auf einem Stuhl mit einer Rückenlehne, mit beiden Füßen auf dem Boden. Der nicht dominante Arm wird seitlich am Körper in neutraler Position hängen gelassen, während der zu messende dominante Arm an der Körperseite anliegt. Im Ellenbogengelenk soll ein rechter Winkel entstehen. Die Skala des Handdynamometers zeigt von der Messperson weg. Gemessen wird in drei Durchgängen, in denen die Messperson für 3 Sekunden maximale Kraft aufwenden soll. Zwischen den Durchgängen wird eine Pause von 1 Minute eingehalten.
- 2.
Die Short Physical Performance Battery wurde von Guralnik et al. (1994) entwickelt und besteht aus 3 Balancetestungen, einer Gangtestung und einem Chair-Rising-Test (Aufstehtest). Es wird ein Gesamtscore gebildet, der zwischen 0 und 12 liegen kann.
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Füzéki, E., Banzer, W. (2017). Bewegung und Gesundheit im Alter. In: Banzer, W. (eds) Körperliche Aktivität und Gesundheit. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-50335-5_10
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