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Modelling Amazonian Carbon Budgets and Vegetation Dynamics in a Changing Climate

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Interactions Between Biosphere, Atmosphere and Human Land Use in the Amazon Basin

Part of the book series: Ecological Studies ((ECOLSTUD,volume 227))

Abstract

Modelling the Amazon terrestrial carbon budget and vegetation dynamics is still at an early stage, despite the large amount of research on dynamic vegetation models and land–atmosphere exchange. We give an overview of the most important issues and state of the art until 2014 concerning the modelling of carbon budgets and vegetation dynamics of the Amazon forests, and tropical forests in general. This includes water relations, temperature dependence, CO2 and nutrient dependence, patterns in growth and mortality, and fire. In water relations, it is most urgent to better represent in models the different plant strategies in avoiding water stress. Models need to adopt temperature dependence for primary production and respiration that is both representative for tropical conditions and is also able to acclimate to changing climate. To enable realistic response to increasing CO2 levels, it is essential that models include dependence on soil nutrients in a dynamic way, including feedbacks of changing vegetation on nutrient availability. For that, and also to better understand the spatial variation of biomass over the Amazon, dynamic allocation modelling and better understanding of tree mortality processes are essential which both need to move away from assuming fixed rates. Finally, the implementation of fire needs improving in all models. All in all, this chapter presents both a challenging research and experimental agenda and an outlook to more robust models for Amazonian vegetation in the near future.

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Acknowledgements

This review has been generated with support of funding from the international EU-FP7-AMAZALERT project (no. FP7-28266). Although the authors listed have been those contributing the main text and expertise, there are several other projects that supported these authors and numerous colleagues who have indirectly contributed by generating data, model results, and evaluations. Our gratitude therefore goes to whole the Amazon climate research community.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ALTERRA, Wageningen University and Research centre, Wageningen, Netherlands

    Bart Kruijt

  2. Brazilian National Space Research Institute (INPE), Cachoeira Paulista, SP, Brazil

    Bart Kruijt & Celso von Randow

  3. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK

    Patrick Meir

  4. Australian National University, Canberra, Australia

    Patrick Meir

  5. University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

    Michelle Johnson, Sophie Fauset, Tim Baker & David Galbraith

  6. TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany

    Anja Rammig

  7. University of Gent, Ghent, Belgium

    Hans Verbeeck

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Correspondence to Bart Kruijt .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil

    Laszlo Nagy

  2. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Brazil

    Bruce R. Forsberg

  3. Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Paulo Artaxo

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Kruijt, B. et al. (2016). Modelling Amazonian Carbon Budgets and Vegetation Dynamics in a Changing Climate. In: Nagy, L., Forsberg, B., Artaxo, P. (eds) Interactions Between Biosphere, Atmosphere and Human Land Use in the Amazon Basin. Ecological Studies, vol 227. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49902-3_14

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