Zusammenfassung
Lebendige Systeme sind in ständiger Umsetzung befindliche Systeme. Die Moleküle und Molekülaggregate (Feinstrukturen), die eine Zelle aufbauen, haben eine Lebensdauer, die meist sehr viel kürzer ist als die der Zelle. Der beständige Aufbau und Abbau (Umsatz, turnover), der in einem stationären System durch Fließgleichgewichte beschrieben werden kann, macht die Zelle zu einem stofflich hochgradig dynamischen Gebilde.
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Schopfer, P., Brennicke, A. (2010). Die Zelle als metabolisches System. In: Pflanzenphysiologie. Springer Spektrum, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49880-4_4
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