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The Mind and the Brain

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How Can Physics Underlie the Mind?

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Abstract

This chapter looks broadly at how the overall thesis of the book relates to the human mind and brain, which develop to be what they are because they are located in a specific society. The main claim will be that one cannot begin to understand the brain properly without taking top-down causation into account. An example is that you are able to read this book, written in English, because your neuronal connections have been adapted to understanding that language as you interacted with members of the society in which you grew up (your parents, siblings, and school mates if it is your home language). This is top-down causation from the social milieu to detailed aspects of brain structure. There is no way this can be understood purely on the basis of the underlying physics.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    For a brief summary, see http://emotionresearcher.com/the-emotional-brain/panksepp/.

  2. 2.

    http://newlearningonline.com/new-learning/chapter-6/donald-on-the-evolution-of-human-consciousness.

  3. 3.

    I thank Michael Ruse for discussions on this topic.

  4. 4.

    Claims of their existence based on Gold’s proof and infinite recursion [139] have nothing to do with natural language, because infinity has nothing to do with any realisable language [80].

  5. 5.

    http://newlearningonline.com/new-learning/chapter-6/donald-on-the-evolution-of-human-consciousness.

  6. 6.

    Reading studies in meaningless contexts, such as those by Dehaene [60], clarify partial aspects of the reading process, but simply fail to get at the core of what is going on in real reading. Similarly reading tests based on meaningless phonemes fail to relate to genuine reading ability.

  7. 7.

    This is just a selection of papers supporting this view: there are many others coming out all the time. The details may differ, but the overall picture is consistent across them.

  8. 8.

    This is made clear for example in the lecture Ringvorlesung Topos Kunsttherapie 03, November 2015: “Anthroposophische Kunsttherapie: Beispiele aus der Praxis” Margaret Ellis, Alanus Hochschule. See also [101] for a holistic view.

  9. 9.

    It is a classical theory, i.e., it does not include quantum effects.

  10. 10.

    I thank Mark Solms for raising this issue.

  11. 11.

    See A Wagner: http://aeon.co/magazine/philosophy/natures-library-of-platonic-forms/.

  12. 12.

    See http://www.sorting-algorithms.com/.

  13. 13.

    http://newlearningonline.com/new-learning/chapter-6/donald-on-the-evolution-of-human-consciousness.

  14. 14.

    “Neuroscience challenges old ideas about free will” Scientific American 15 November 2011

    http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/free-will-and-the-brain-michael-gazzaniga-interview/.

  15. 15.

    Writing as ‘Aravis Tarkheena’ in Massimo Pigliucci’s now defunct blog Scientia Salon, 29 August 2014.

  16. 16.

    A nice short summary is given by Seth Schwartz in Psychology Today:

    http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/proceed-your-own-risk/201311/do-we-have-free-will.

  17. 17.

    http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/cross-check/2012/04/09/will-this-post-make-sam-harris-change-his-mind-about-free-will/.

  18. 18.

    Scientia Salon, 23 December 2014: 7:15 pm http://scientiasalon.wordpress.com/2014/12/23/free-will-skepticism-and-its-implications-an-argument-for-optimism-part-2/.

  19. 19.

    The reader should note that this final section is of a polemical nature. But it has not abandoned science: it is solidly rooted in the underlying science.

  20. 20.

    See “Neuroaesthetics is killing your soul” by Philip Ball [9] for a strong response.

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Ellis, G. (2016). The Mind and the Brain. In: How Can Physics Underlie the Mind?. The Frontiers Collection. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49809-5_7

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