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Eye and the Ocular Adnexa

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Pathology of the Head and Neck

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Abstract

The eye and its adnexae are complicated delicate structures, which evolve from the neuroectoderm, the surface ectoderm, and the mesenchyme. Congenital or developmental anomalies can affect all ocular structures and are caused by chromosomal abnormalities, mutant genes, and major environmental factors, such as infections, drugs, toxins, or radiation. Similarly, the ocular adnexa and the three layers of the eye can be affected by metabolic disorders, systemic diseases such as autoimmune disease, infection, neoplasms, trauma, and surgical complications.

In this chapter, an overview is given of the embryology and normal histology of the human eye and ocular adnexa. This is then followed by an overview of the pathological changes seen in the major diseases of each of the ocular and adnexal structures, with inclusion of our latest genomic understandings of their respective pathogenesis. Due to space limitations, this chapter is not an exhaustive review: for further details, the reader is provided with references to appropriate detailed manuscripts and textbooks.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pathology, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, The Apex Building, Liverpool, Merseyside, L78TX, UK

    Sarah E. Coupland MBBS, PhD

  2. Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 85500, Utrecht, 3508 GA, The Netherlands

    Marijke R. Van Dijk MD

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  1. Sarah E. Coupland MBBS, PhD
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Correspondence to Sarah E. Coupland MBBS, PhD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Barcelona, Anatomic Pathology Hospital Clínic University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Antonio Cardesa

  2. Radboud Univ Nijmegen Medical Center, Pathology Radboud Univ Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Pieter J. Slootweg

  3. University of Ljubljana,, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medic University of Ljubljana,, Ljublijana, Slovenia

    Nina Gale

  4. University of Florence, Dept of Surg & Translational Medicine University of Florence, Florence, Italy

    Alessandro Franchi

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Coupland, S.E., Van Dijk, M.R. (2016). Eye and the Ocular Adnexa. In: Cardesa, A., Slootweg, P., Gale, N., Franchi, A. (eds) Pathology of the Head and Neck. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49672-5_10

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