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Störungen der Neurobiochemie und Signaltransduktion als Grundlage psychischer Erkrankungen

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Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik, Psychotherapie

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Zusammenfassung

Die Rolle von Neurotransmittersystemen in der Physiologie der Gehirnfunktionen ist ebenso unbestritten wie deren Beteiligung an pathologischen Veränderungen, die letztlich zu den Symptomen psychischer Krankheiten führen. Neurotransmitterhypothesen psychischer Störungen sind sowohl in der Pathogeneseforschung als auch in der Psychopharmakotherapie Ausgangspunkte der wissenschaftlichen Bemühungen um ein besseres Verständnis der neurobiochemischen Grundlagen psychischer Erkrankungen. Einfache Monotransmitterhypothesen haben adäquateren Gleichgewichtstheorien weichen müssen, die von einer komplizierten Interaktion der verschiedensten Neurotransmitter ausgehen, neuroanatomische Strukturierungen („funktionelle Systeme“) berücksichtigen und auch Effekte in die Überlegungen miteinbeziehen, die über die reine Synapsenwirkung hinausgehen (Signaltransduktoren, Transkriptionsfaktoren etc.). Die Neurotransmittersysteme des Gehirns sind so komplex, dass bislang nur die Grundzüge ihrer Funktionsweisen bekannt sind. Es wäre vermessen anzunehmen, dass aus der Kenntnis dieser Prozesse ein Verständnis der menschlichen Psyche erwachsen könnte. Die Tatsache, dass Störungen der Neurotransmittersysteme eine Grundlage psychischer Erkrankungen darstellen können, darf nicht dazu führen, hierin die alleinige Ursache psychischer Störungen zu erblicken. Ein solcher einseitiger reduktionistischer und simplifizierender Biologismus wird weder im wissenschaftlichen Sinn dem komplexen System der menschlichen Psyche noch im ärztlichen Sinn den Bedürfnissen psychisch kranker Patienten gerecht. Erst in der interdisziplinären Verbindung mit neuroanatomischen, neuropsychologischen und klassisch-klinischen, psychopathologischen Bemühungen können neurobiochemische Hypothesen wie die Neurotransmittertheorien dazu beitragen, psychische Störungen besser zu verstehen und optimierte therapeutische Strategien zu entwickeln.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinische Neurochemie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Universität Würzburg, Fuechsleinstr. 15, 97080, Würzburg, Deutschland

    Peter Riederer

  2. Pharmakologisches Institut für Naturwissenschaftler, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Höhenstr. 49a, 67550, Worms, Deutschland

    Walter E. Müller

  3. Neurobiologisches Labor für Brain Aging and Mental Health, Psychiatrische Universitätskliniken Basel, Wilhelm-Klein-Str. 27, 4012, Basel, Schweiz

    Anne Eckert

  4. Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147, Rostock, Deutschland

    Johannes Thome

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  1. Peter Riederer
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  2. Walter E. Müller
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  3. Anne Eckert
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  4. Johannes Thome
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Correspondence to Peter Riederer .

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  1. em. Direktor der Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, München, Germany

    Hans-Jürgen Möller

  2. Ehem. Ärztlicher Direktor des kbo-Inn-Salzach-Klinikums für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Neurologie, Akadem. Lehrkrankenhaus der LMU München Institut für Psychologische Medizin (IPM), Soyen, Germany

    Gerd Laux

  3. Vorstand der Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapeutische Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Austria

    Hans-Peter Kapfhammer

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Riederer, P., Müller, W.E., Eckert, A., Thome, J. (2017). Störungen der Neurobiochemie und Signaltransduktion als Grundlage psychischer Erkrankungen. In: Möller, HJ., Laux, G., Kapfhammer, HP. (eds) Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik, Psychotherapie. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49295-6_8

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