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Polymer Chemistry pp 293–319Cite as

Coordination Polymerization

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Abstract

Nearly half of all polymers produced worldwide are produced by catalytic polymerization reactions carried out in the presence of transition metal compounds. Coordination of a monomer to a metal center is a crucial step in the catalytic cycle. Therefore, these polymerizations are referred to as “coordination polymerizations”. Especially polypropylene and a large proportion of polyethylene are produced in this way. Therefore, this chapter deals with the fundamental principles of this industrially enormously important but also academically interesting and multifaceted field of chemistry.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The reaction is not well defined and the products, because they are insoluble, are not easily analyzed. There are a number of different titanium species in various valence states. Because among the various species formed many catalyze the polymerization of ethene, this system is called a multi-site catalyst.

  2. 2.

    The following discourse describes the basic mechanisms of stereo control. For a detailed discussion of stereo control during catalytic polymerization the reader is referred to the literature (e.g., Brintzinger et al. 1995; Angermund et al. 2000).

  3. 3.

    The re/si nomenclature denotes the sides of a planar, sp2-hybridized center, from which, after a reaction in which a further substituent is added, a chiral center is formed.

  4. 4.

    For a more detailed discussion of point groups and the elements of molecular symmetry, the interested reader is referred to the literature (Willock 2009)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Functional Biopolymers, BASF SE, GMM/B - B001, Ludwigshafen, Germany

    Sebastian Koltzenburg

  2. Fraunhofer ICT-IMM, Mainz, Germany

    Michael Maskos

  3. Garching, Germany

    Oskar Nuyken

Authors
  1. Sebastian Koltzenburg
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  2. Michael Maskos
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  3. Oskar Nuyken
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Koltzenburg, S., Maskos, M., Nuyken, O. (2017). Coordination Polymerization. In: Polymer Chemistry. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49279-6_11

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