Zusammenfassung
Bei den Dystonien handelt es sich um eine heterogene Gruppe verschiedenartiger Erkrankungen mit ähnlichen Symptomen. Klassifikation, Differenzialdiagnosen und Therapien sind komplex und sollten von spezialisierten Zentren durchgeführt werden. Die Erkrankungen können vom Säuglings- bis ins späte Erwachsenenalter auftreten. Das Spektrum reicht von oligosymptomatischen Formen bis hin zu solchen, die schwerste Beeinträchtigungen in der Lebensqualität und Behinderungen bedingen können. Zur konservativen Therapie werden Krankengymnastik, orale Medikamente sowie lokale Injektionsbehandlungen eingesetzt. Von neurochirurgisch operativer Seite existieren die Neuromodulationstherapien (implantierbare Pumpen, Tiefe Hirnstimulation) sowie ablative Verfahren. Die neuere Literatur zeigt, dass insbesondere die kognitive Entwicklung bei Kindern umso günstiger beeinflusst werden kann, je früher eine effektive Therapie erfolgt.
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Hertel, F. (2018). Dystone Bewegungsstörungen bei Kindern. In: Bächli, H., Lütschg, J., Messing-Jünger, M. (eds) Pädiatrische Neurochirurgie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48700-6_52
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