Abstract
Among China’s 600,000 villages, approximately 3000 are historical villages (Yin in Ancient Villages Cannot Be Destroyed, 2011). The term “historical village” or “traditional village” was first used in the architecture research field in the 1990s (He et al. J Beijing Inst Civil Eng Arch 2:26–32, 1989; Hong World Arch 3:11–12, 1987). At present, scholars in the field of historical village research have a different comprehension and emphasis of its concept (Chen, Urban-rural planning under the perspective of ecological civilization: proceedings of annual national planning conference. Dalian Press, Dalian, 2008; Liu, Ancient village: harmonious human poly-space. Shanghai Sanlian Press, Shanghai, 1997). Despite the lack of consensus on the concept of historical villages, qualitative standards unanimously agree that a historical village has the following features: (a) tangible or intangible cultural heritage reflecting its unique local characteristics; (b) early formation; and (c) the village’s original spatial form can be observed from the current conservation situation.
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- 1.
The 53 courtyards include the Thirteen Courtyards and 40 other courtyards as follows: four Shang and Xia Courtyards, four Hetaoshu Courtyards, three Shufang Courtyards, three Ranfang Courtyards, three Getaipu Courtyards, three Xin Courtyards, three Shang Courtyards, two Duimen Courtyards, two Hou Courtyards, two XingeLue Courtyards, two Qipan Courtyards, one Gongdi Courtyard, one Zhaojia Courtyard, one XuanGelue Courtyard, one Yang Gelue Courtyard, one Chong Gelue Courtyard, one Gengfang Courtyard, one Houhua Courtyard, one Zhangzhang Courtyard, and one Citang Courtyard. Each courtyard has its specific purpose; for example, the Gongdi Courtyard is a residence for servants, and the Citang Courtyard is where the ancestral hall is located.
- 2.
The Thirteen Courtyards is a compound of the following courtyards: Shikou Courtyard, Zhangfang Courtyard, Xiting Courtyard, Chufang Courtyard, Pu Courtyard, Lao Courtyard, Zhong Courtyard, Mao Courtyard, Niandao Courtyard, Hou Courtyard, East Garden, Middle Garden, and West Garden. The Thirteen Courtyards is well preserved.
- 3.
China’s Historical and Cultural Villages List is approved by the Ministry of Construction and the state bureau of cultural relics. Villages in this list are all rich in heritage preservation and possess commemoration of great historical value or significance. Thus, these villages reflect the tradition and local ethnic characteristics of the historical periods during which they thrived.
- 4.
Shangma Stones refer to the stones placed near the gate for getting into the saddle more easily.
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Acknowledgments
This article is a Foundation item Project (2012BAJ24B05), supported by National 12th Five-year Science and Technology Support Project. The authors also would like to thank Master Chenxiao Guo for his support in drawing the layout of Nan’anyang Village.
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Xie, YF., Li, L., Guo, YD., Sun, XP., Zhang, YJ. (2016). Sustainable Tourism-Oriented Conservation and Improvement of Historical Villages in the Urbanization Process: A Case Study of Nan’anyang Village, Shanxi Province, China. In: Wang, F., Prominski, M. (eds) Urbanization and Locality. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48494-4_11
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