Abstract
In China, the ecological and environmental conditions are inborn shortage, and there is a huge population pressure; moreover, the natural resource is overexploited. With the rapid development of economy and the accelerated pace of construction, business activities, such as improper construction projects, have brought new damages to the ecological environment, which aggravate serious eco-environmental problem. The Chinese government has always attached great importance to ecology protection. Especially after rapid growth of China’s economy and ecological deterioration since reforming and opening-up policy, the government has published several policies and carried out environmental engineering projects. All efforts aim at ecological restoration and protection, and adhere to the principle of “conservation priorities and natural restoration based; pursue efforts to the protection and construction of ecology; reverse the trend of ecological environment deterioration from the source.” The government has constructed a state safety screen, strengthened protection and restoration of ecological environment, and established ecological compensation mechanism. While, most ecological projects have been practiced for over years, it is necessary to summarize the experience and lecture of project construction theories, technologies, patterns, and managements, which is necessary for improving restoration projects construction. Therefore, this chapter introduced the ecological environment protection and construction projects and the corresponding technical means for current regional eco-environmental problems. Through comparing between China and abroad, and between regions, teasing development history, combining current typical cases, this chapter made an integrated conclusion of the leading eco-construction projects of China, including natural forest protection project, conversion of cropland to forest project, returning land for grazing to pasture project, desertification control project, and water and soil erosion and debris-flow management. All of the authors proposed their own view about principles, targets, partitions, technical systems, benefit evaluations, and institutional arrangements, and policy orientations, which is beneficial for scientific researchers and decision-makers to gain a fuller understanding of ecological protection and control projects.
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Notes
- 1.
Dryland refers to the areas of “arid, semiarid and dry subhumid areas”, other than polar and subpolar regions, in which the ratio (i.e., HI = humidity index) of annual precipitation to potential evapotranspiration falls within the range from 0.05 to 0.65; this range also lays out the enabling conditions and sets the boundary of the geographic region of potential desertification.
- 2.
Sandy land refers to degraded land characterized by surface sandy materials. Sandy lands can be induced by single or multiple factors under different climatic conditions; hence, its distribution is not limited geographically.
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Li, S. et al. (2015). Ecological Protection and Establishment Projects. In: Li, W. (eds) Contemporary Ecology Research in China. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48376-3_12
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48376-3_12
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