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Evolution

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Das Phänomen Leben

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Zusammenfassung

Es gehört zu den frühen Erfahrungen des Menschen, dass uns die Lebewelt nicht nur in Form einzelner und einmaliger Individuen entgegentritt, sondern dass diese Individuen untereinander abgestufte Ähnlichkeiten aufweisen. Diese, jeden Naturfreund immer wieder aufs Neue erfreuende lebendige Vielfalt (Biodiversität) ist nicht chaotisch. Sie ist auch – zumindest bei den höheren Pflanzen, Pilzen und Tieren – nicht kontinuierlich, sondern lässt eine mehr oder weniger deutliche Diskontinuität erkennen, die das Unterscheiden von „Sorten“ gestattet. Das hängt damit zusammen, dass kein uneingeschränkter Genaustausch zwischen allen Lebewesen mit sexueller Fortpflanzung stattfindet. Es herrscht kein „sexuelles Kontinuum“. Die Lebewesen paaren sich vielmehr erfolgreich nur mit ihresgleichen. So entstehen geschlossene Fortpflanzungsgemeinschaften mit einem nur ihnen zugehörigen Genpool, der sich von anderen Fortpflanzungsgemeinschaften unterscheidet.

Da die Erhaltung aller lebenden Systeme auf Reproduktion basiert, spielt Selektion auf allen Stufen eine Rolle

(Manfred Eigen 1987).

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    Professor i. R. Dr. Dr. h. c. Heinz Penzlin

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Penzlin, H. (2016). Evolution. In: Das Phänomen Leben. Springer Spektrum, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48128-8_4

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