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General Precambrian Geology in China

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Book cover Precambrian Geology of China

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Abstract

The Earth has an evolving history ca. 4.6 Ga old. Precambrian continents experienced complex geological evolution since the Early Precambrian onward and carry important records of the secular changes in tectonics and metallogeny, including, at least, three important tectonic events that are Neoarchean enormous crustal growth, tectonic regime inversion from pre-plate tectonics to plate tectonics, and Paleoproterozoic great oxygen event (GOE). Without question, Precambrian geology is a key issue to understand continental geology. Precambrian rocks are extensively distributed in China, not only in cratons, but also in Phanerozoic orogenic belts. The Chinese continent consists of several cratons and surrounding Phanerozoic orogenic belts (folded belts). The main old lands in China include the North China Block (NCB), South China Block (SCB), and Tarim Block (TRB), all of which have individual tectonic evolving histories. The NCB experienced complex geological evolution since the Early Precambrian onward and carries important records from the old continental nuclei, giant crustal growth episode, and cratonization (stabilization), then to the Paleoproterozoic rifting–subduction–accretion–collision with imprints of the GOE, and to the Late Paleoproterozoic–Neoproterozoic multistage rifting representing North China platform tectonic features. The TRB has two-layer basement of the Early Precambrian metamorphic complexes and Neoproterozoic sedimentary sequences. Three till sheets have been reported. The SCB consists of the Yangtze Block (YZB) and Cathaysia Block (CTB) that were cohered in the Neoproterozoic. The YZB recorded tectonic processes of the Early Precambrian crustal growth, 1.0–0.9 and 0.8–0.6 Ga metamorphic–magmatic events, and two Neoproterozoic glaciations. The CTB consists of ca. 1.8, 1.0–0.9 Ga, and ca. 0.8 Ga granitic gneisses and metamorphic rocks, indicating there was a vast Precambrian basement. The Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks overlie partly on the basement. That the YZB and CTB have a Neoproterozoic uniform cover layer illustrates the SCB should form, at least, during 1.0–0.9 Ga. The Nanhua Rift System developed in the SCB in ca. 0.8–0.7 Ga, which probably represented a global event indicating breakup of the Rodinia Supercontinent. The Central Chinese Orogenic System with high-ultra-high-pressure metamorphic rocks supports a suggestion that the above-mentioned three old lands were collided to assemble a unified Chinese continent during the Pangea orogenic period.

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Acknowledgements

This study represents the research results of a project supported by the 973 program (Grant No. 2012CB4166006), and research programs (Grant Nos. 41030316 and 41210003) supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China. I express my gratitude to Xiyan Zhu, and Prof. Qingreng Meng, and also Dr Wang W, Wang F, and doctoral students Yan Zhong, Haozheng Wang, and Lei Zhao for their discussion and drawing figures. I also thank Drs. Jinghui Guo, Yong Sun, Taiping Zhao, Neng Jiang, Peng Peng, Huafeng Zhang, Bo Hu, and Guochun Zhao for their helpful suggestions.

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  1. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China

    Mingguo Zhai & Yanyan Zhou

  2. State Key Laboratory of Geodynamics, Northwest University Shanxi, Xi’an, 710069, China

    Mingguo Zhai

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    Mingguo Zhai

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Zhai, M., Zhou, Y. (2015). General Precambrian Geology in China. In: Zhai, M. (eds) Precambrian Geology of China. Springer Geology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47885-1_1

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