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Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers Chemical Methods in Penetration Enhancement pp 147–160Cite as

Niosomes and Proniosomes for Enhanced Skin Delivery

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Abstract

The percutaneous route has been recognized as one of the highly potential routes not only for topical drug delivery but also for systemic drug delivery as it provides the advantage of avoidance of the first-pass effect, ease of use and removal (in case of side effects), and better patient compliance. However, the major limitation of this route is the difficult permeation of the drug through the skin. The skin has become an impressive and idealistic platform for the delivery of drugs compared to other routes. However, the stratum corneum or the horny layer, an impermeable barrier of the skin devoid of biological activity, had challenged the development of transdermal products, which deliver drugs directly to the systemic circulation at a controlled rate. Studies have been carried out to find safe and suitable permeation enhancers to promote the percutaneous absorption of a number of drugs. Some of them are niosomes and proniosomes, which ideally possess the property of reversibly reducing the barrier resistance of the horny layer, allowing the drug to reach the living tissues at a greater rate. Niosomes and proniosomes, being colloidal carriers, are still in their infancy and need to be exploited more in the field of dermal and transdermal drug delivery. This chapter explains the state of the art of drug transport through the skin by means of vesicular classic systems: niosomes and proniosomes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), 87036, Italy

    Rita Muzzalupo

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  1. Rita Muzzalupo
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Correspondence to Rita Muzzalupo .

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  1. Department of Manufacturing, Apoteka "Beograd", Belgrade, Serbia

    Nina Dragicevic

  2. San Francisco, California, USA

    Howard I. Maibach

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Muzzalupo, R. (2016). Niosomes and Proniosomes for Enhanced Skin Delivery. In: Dragicevic, N., Maibach, H. (eds) Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers Chemical Methods in Penetration Enhancement. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47862-2_10

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