Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Depressive Syndrome

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Neuropsychodynamische Psychiatrie

  • 6045 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Die psychischen und neuronalen Mechanismen, die der depressiven Symptomatik zugrunde liegen, werden in einer neuropsychodynamischen Perspektive dargestellt. Die depressive Hemmung wird in einen Zusammenhang gestellt mit den Prinzipien der neuronalen Integration (reziproke Modulation, Modulation durch funktionelle Einheit, Top-down-Modulation und Modulation durch Umkehr). Es wird angenommen, dass es sich hierbei um die neurophysiologischen Korrelate der Abwehr- und Bewältigungsmechanismen (insbesondere der Somatisierung, der Introjektion und sensorimotorischen Regression) handelt. Auf der Grundlage dieser neuropsychodynamischen Theorie lassen sich Depressionen als Psychosomatosen der Emotionsregulation auffassen.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 64.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Literatur

  • Abraham K (1971) Versuch einer Entwicklungsgeschichte der Libido auf Grund der Psychoanalyse seelischer Störungen. In: Psychoanalytische Studien, Band I. Fischer, Frankfurt/M, S 113–183 (Erstveröff. 1924a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Abraham K (1982a) Ansätze zur psychoanalytischen Erforschung und Behandlung des manisch-depressiven Irreseins und verwandter Zustände. In: Psychoanalytische Studien, Bd I. Fischer, Frankfurt/M, S 146–162 (Erstveröff. 1912)

    Google Scholar 

  • Abraham K (1982b) Versuch einer Entwicklungsgeschichte der Libido auf Grund der Psychoanalyse seelischer Störungen. In: Psychoanalytische Studien und Gesammelte Werke in 2 Bänden, Bd II. Fischer, Frankfurt/M, S 32–145 (Erstveröff. 1924b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Adroer S (1998) Some considerations in the structure of the self and its pathology. Int J Psychoanal 79:681–696

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alcaro A, Panksepp J, Witczak J et al (2010) Is subcortical-cortical midline activity in depression mediated by glutamate and GABA? A cross-species translational approach. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 34(4):592–605

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arieti S, Bemporad J (1983) Depression: Krankheitsbild, Entstehung, Dynamik und psychotherapeutische Behandlung. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Auer DP, Putz B, Kraft E et al (2000) Reduced glutamate in the anterior cingulate cortex in depression: an in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Biol Psychiatry 47:305–313

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bar KJ et al (2004) The influence of major depression and its treatment on heart rate variability and pupillary light reflex parameters. J Affect Disord 82(2):245–252

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berman SM, McCann JT (1995) Defense mechanisms and personality disorders: an empirical test of Millon’s theory. J Pers Assess 64(1):132–144

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berman SM, Cappiello A, Anand A et al (2000) Antidepressant effects of ketamine in depressed patients. Biol Psychiatry 47:351–354

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blatt SJ (1998) Contributions of psychoanalysis to the understanding and treatment of depression. Am J Psychoanal 46:723–752

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bleakman D, Alt A, Witkin JM (2007) AMPA receptors in the therapeutic management of depression. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 6:117–126

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Böhme-Bloem C (1999) Gleiches und Trennendes bei der Affektabstimmung als Vorbereitung auf die Symbolbildung in der menschlichen Entwicklung und im psychoanalytischen Prozess. In: Schlösser A, Höhfeld K (Hrsg) Trennungen. Bibliothek der Psychoanalyse. Psychosozial Verlag, Gießen

    Google Scholar 

  • Böker H (1999) Selbstbild und Objektbeziehungen bei Depressionen: Untersuchungen mit der Repertory Grid-Technik und dem Gießen-Test an 139 PatientInnen mit depressiven Erkrankungen. Monographien aus dem Gesamtgebiete der Psychiatrie. Steinkopff-Springer, Darmstadt

    Google Scholar 

  • Böker H (2000) Depression, Manie und schizoaffektive Psychosen. Psychodynamische Theorien, einzelfallorientierte Forschung und Psychotherapie. Psychosozial Verlag, Gießen

    Google Scholar 

  • Böker H (Hrsg) (2001) Depression, Manie und schizoaffektive Psychosen: psychodynamische Theorien, einzelfallorientierte Forschung und Psychotherapie. Psychosozial-Verlag, Gießen

    Google Scholar 

  • Böker H (2002) Depressionen: Psychosomatische Erkrankungen des Gehirns? In: Böker H, Hell D (Hrsg) Therapie der affektiven Störungen. Psychosoziale und neurobiologische Perspektiven. Schattauer, Stuttgart, S 183–205

    Google Scholar 

  • Böker H (2003a) Sind Depressionen psychosomatische Erkrankungen? Vierteljahresschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich 148:1–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Böker H (2003b) Symbolisierungsstörungen bei schweren Depressionen: Zur Bedeutung psychosomatischer Circuli vitiosi bei depressiv Erkrankten. In: Lahme-Gronostaj H (Hrsg) Symbolisierung und ihre Störungen. Deutsche Psychoanalytische Vereinigung, Frankfurt/M, S 149–164

    Google Scholar 

  • Böker H (2004) Persons with depression, mania and schizoaffective Psychosis – investigations of cognitive complexity, self-esteem, social perception and object relations by means of the Repertory Grid-Technique. In: Klapp BF et al (Hrsg) Role repertory grid and body grid – Construct psychological approaches in psychosomatic research. Reihe Klinische Psycholinguistik. VAS, Frankfurt/M, S 3–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Böker H (2005) Melancholie, Depression und affektive Störungen: Zur Entwicklung der psychoanalytischen Depressionsmodelle und deren Rezeption in der Klinischen Psychiatrie. In: Böker H (Hrsg) Psychoanalyse und Psychiatrie – Historische Entwicklung, Krankheitsmodelle und therapeutische Praxis. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Böker H (Hrsg) (2006) Psychoanalyse und Psychiatrie. Geschichte, Krankheitsmodelle und Therapiepraxis. Springer, Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  • Böker H (2009a) Selbst und Körper in der Depression: Herausforderungen an die Therapie. Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie und Psychiatrie 160(5):188–199

    Google Scholar 

  • Böker H (2009b) Psychotherapeutische Langzeitbehandlung bei Dysthymie, Double Depression und chronischer Depression. In: Hartwich P, Barocka A (Hrsg) Psychisch krank. Das Leiden unter Schwere und Dauer. Verlag Wissenschaft & Praxis, Sternenfels, S 17–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Böker H (2011) Psychotherapie der Depression. Huber, Bern

    Google Scholar 

  • Böker H, Northoff G (2005) Desymbolisierung in der schweren Depression und das Problem der Hemmung: Ein neuropsychoanalytisches Modell der Störung des emotionalen Selbstbezuges Depressiver. Psyche – Z Psychoanal 59:964–989

    Google Scholar 

  • Böker H, Northoff G (2010) Die Entkopplung des Selbst in der Depression: Empirische Befunde und neuropsychodynamische Hypothesen. Psyche – Z Psychoanal 64:934–976

    Google Scholar 

  • Böker H, Grimm S (2012) Emotion und Kognition bei depressiv Erkrankten. In: Böker H, Seifritz E (Hrsg) Psychotherapie und Neurowissenschaften. Integration – Kritik – Zukunftsaussichten. Huber, Bern, S 309–351

    Google Scholar 

  • Böker H, Northoff G, Lenz C et al (2000a) Die Rekonstruktion der Sprachlosigkeit: Untersuchungen des subjektiven Erlebens ehemals katatoner PatientInnen mittels modifizierter Landfield-Kategorien. Psychiat Prax 27:389–396

    Google Scholar 

  • Böker H, von Schmeling C, Lenz C et al (2000b) Subjective experience of catatonia: construct-analytical findings by means of modified Landfield categories. In: Scheer JW (Hrsg) The person in society: challenges to a constructivist theory. Psychosozial-Verlag, Gießen, S 303–316

    Google Scholar 

  • Boeker H, Hell D, Budischewski K et al (2000c) Personality and object relations in patients with affective disorders: Idiographic research by means of the repertory grid-technique. J Affect Disord 60:53–60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boeker H, Schulze J, Richter A et al (2012) Sustained cognitive impairments after clinical recovery of severe depression. J Nerv Ment Dis 200(9):773–776

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buckner RL, Andrews-Hanna JR, Schacter DL (2008) The brain's default network: anatomy, function, and relevance to disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1124:1–38

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Canli T, Sivers H, Thomason ME et al (2004) Brain activation to emotional words in depressed vs healthy subjects. Neuroreport 15:2585–2588

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carhart-Harris RL, Friston KJ (2010) The default-mode, egofunction and free energy; a neurobiological account of Freudian ideas. Brain 133:1265–1283

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chodoff P (1972) The depressive personality. A critical review. Arch Gen Psychiatr 27:666–673

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chourbaji S, Vogt MA, Fumagalli F et al (2008) AMPA receptor subunit 1 (GluR-A) knockout mice model the glutamate hypothesis of depression. FASEB J 22:3129–3134

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coyne JC (1976a) Depression and response of others. J Abnorm Psychol 85:186–193

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coyne JC (1976b) Toward an interactional description of depression. Psychiatry 39:28–40

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coyne JC (1985) Studying depressed persons’ interactions with strangers and spouses. J Abnorm Psychol 94(2):231–232

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coyne JC et al (1987) Living with a depressed person. J Consult Clin Psychol 55(3):347–352

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Damasio AR (1999) How the brain creates the mind. Sci Am 281(6):112–117

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson RJ (2002) Anxiety and affective style: role of prefrontal cortex and amygdala. Biol Psychiatry 51(1):68–80

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson RJ, Irwin W, Anderle MJ, Kalin NH (2003) The neural substrates of affective processing in depressed patients treated with Venlafaxine. Am J Psychiatry 160:64–75

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Deci EL et al (1994) Facilitating internalization: the self-determination theory perspective. J Pers 62(1):119–142

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dennecker FW (1989) Das Selbst-System. Psyche 43:577–608

    Google Scholar 

  • DGPPN, BÄK, KBV, AWMF, AkdÄ, BPtK, BApK, DAGSHG, DEGAM, DGPs, DGRW für die Leitliniengruppe Unipolare Depression (Hrsg) (2009) S3-Leitlinie/Nationale VersorgungsLeitlinie Unipolare Depression-Langfassung, 1. Aufl. DGPPN, ÄZQ, AWMF, Berlin, Düsseldorf. http://www.dgppn.de, http://www.versorgungsleitlinien.de, http://www.awmf-leitlinien.de

  • Dichter GS, Felder JN, Petty C et al (2009) The effects of psychotherapy on neural responses to rewards in major depression. Biol Psychiatry 66:886–897

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Drevets WC, Price JL, Furey ML (2008) Brain structural and functional abnormalities in mood disorders: implications for neurocircuitry models of depression. Brain Struct Funct 213(1–2):93–118

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eicke-Spengler M (1977) Zur Entwicklung der psychoanalytischen Theorie der Depression. Ein Literaturbericht. Psyche 31:1079–1125

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elliott R, Sahakian, BJ, Michael A et al (1998) Abnormal neural response to feedback on planning and guessing tasks in patients with unipolar depression. Psychol Med 28:559–571

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elliott R, Rubinsztein JS, Sahakian BJ et al (2002) The neural basis of mood-congruent processing biases in depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 59(7):597–604

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ernst J, Northoff G, Böker H et al (2013) Interoceptive awareness enhances neural activity during empathy. Human Brain Mapping 34:1615–1624

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ernst J, Boeker H, Hättenschwiler J et al. (2014) The association of interoceptive awarenessand alexithymia with neurotransmitter concentrations in insula and anterior cingulate. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 9:857–863

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feder A, Nestler EJ, Charney DS (2009) Psychobiology and molecular genetics of resilience. Net Rev Neurosci 10(6):446–457

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feinberg TE (2011) Neuropathologies of the self: clinical and anatomical features, Conscios Cogn 20:75–81

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fitzgerald PB, Sritharan A, Daskalakis ZJ et al (2007) A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of the effects of low frequency right prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation in depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol 27:488–492

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Freud S (1914) Zur Einführung des Narzissmus. GW 10. Fischer, Frankfurt/M, 1975, S 37–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Freud S (1917) Trauer und Melancholie. GW X. Fischer, Frankfurt/M, 1975, S 193–212

    Google Scholar 

  • Freud S (1921) Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse. GW XIII. Fischer, Frankfurt/M, 1974, S 61–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Freud S (1923) Das Ich und das Es. GW XIII. Fischer, Frankfurt/M, 1975, S 273–330

    Google Scholar 

  • Freud S (1924) Das ökonomische Problem des Masochismus.. Fischer, Frankfurt/M, 1975, S 341–354

    Google Scholar 

  • Friston KJ (1998) Imaging neuroscience: principles or maps? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95(3):796–802

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Friston K (2003): Learning and inference in the brain. Neural Netw 16(9):1325–1352

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Friston KJ, Price CJ (2001) Dynamic representations and generative models of brain function. Brain Res Bull 54(3):275–285

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Friston KJ, Penny W (2003) Posterior probability maps and SPMs. Neuroimage 19(3):1240–1249

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Friston KJ, Price CJ (2003) Degeneracy and redundancy in cognitive anatomy. Trends Cogn Sci 7(4):151–152

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Friston KJ et al (1998a) Event-related fMRI: characterizing differential responses. Neuroimage 7(1):30–40

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Friston KJ et al (1998b) Nonlinear event-related responses in fMRI. Magn Reson Med 39(1):41–52

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Friston KJ et al (2003) Dynamic causal modelling. Neuroimage 19(4):1273–1302

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fu CHY, Williams SCR, Cleare AJ et al (2004) Attenuation of the neural response to sad faces in major depression by antidepressant treatment: a prospective, event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 61:877–889

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gabbard G (2005) Psychodynamic psychiatry in clinical practice. American Psychiatric Press Inc, Arlington VA

    Google Scholar 

  • Goel V, Dolan RJ (2003a) Explaining modulation of reasoning by belief. Cognition 87(1):11–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goel V, Dolan RJ (2003b) Reciprocal neural response within lateral and ventral medial prefrontal cortex during hot and cold reasoning. Neuroimage 20(4):2314–2321

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gotlib IH et al (2004) Attentional biases for negative interpersonal stimuli in clinical depression. J Abnorm Psychol 113(1):121–135

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Greicius MD et al (2003) Functional connectivity in the resting brain: a network analysis of the default mode hypothesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100(1):253–258

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Greicius MD, Flores BH, Menon V et al (2007) Resting-state functional connectivity in major depression: abnormally increased contributions from subgenual cingulate cortex and thalamus. Biol Psychiatry 62:429–437

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grimm S, Schmidt CF, Bermpohl F et al (2006) Segregated neural representation of distinct emotion dimensions in the prefrontal cortex – an fMRI study. NeuroImage 30(1):325–340

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grimm S, Beck J, Schüpbach D et al (2008) Imbalance between left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in major depression is linked to negative emotional judgment. An fMRI study in severe major depressive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 63:369–376

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grimm S, Ernst J, Boesiger P et al (2009) Increased self-focus in major depressive disorder is related to neural abnormalities in subcortical midline structures. Human Brain Mapping 30(8):2617–2627

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gross O (1907) Das Freud’sche Ideogenitätsmoment und seine Bedeutung im manisch-depressiven Irresein Kraepelins. Vogel, Leipzig

    Google Scholar 

  • Guinjoan SM et al (1995) Cardiovascular tests of autonomic function and sympathetic skin responses in patients with major depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 59(3):299–302

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gusnard DA, Raichle ME (2001) Searching for a baseline: functional imaging and the resting human brain. Nat Rev Neurosci 2(10):685–694

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gusnard DA et al (2001) Medial prefrontal cortex and self-referential mental activity: relation to a default mode of brain function. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98(7):4259–4264

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gut E (1989) Productive and unproductive Depression. Tavistock & Routledge, London GB

    Google Scholar 

  • Hasler G, van der Veen JW, Tumonis T et al (2007) Reduced prefrontal glutamate/glutamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in major depression determined using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Arch Gen Psychiatry 64:193–200

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heinzel A, Grimm S, Beck J et al (2009) Segregated neural representation of psychological and somatic-vegetative symptoms in severe major depression. Neurosci Lett 456(2):49–53

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heller AS, Johnstone T, Shackman AJ et al (2009): Reduced capacity to sustain positive emotion in major depression reflects diminished maintenance of fronto-striatal brain activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106(52):22445–22450

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holsboer-Trachsler E, Vanoni C (2007) Depression in der Praxis. 3. erweiterte Aufl. Sozio-medico Verlag, Wessobrunn

    Google Scholar 

  • Ingram RE (1990) Self-focused attention in clinical disorders: Review and a conceptual model. Psychol Bull 107(2):156–176

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Inoue Y et al (2004) Deficiency of theory of mind in patients with remitted mood disorder. J Affect Disord 82(3):403–409

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobson E (1971) Depression. Comparative studies of normal, neurotic and psychotic conditions. New Intern Universities Press, New York NY

    Google Scholar 

  • Kant O (1928) Über die Psychologie der Depression. Z Ges Neurol Psychiat 113:255–285

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keedwell PA, Andrew C, Williams SCR et al (2005) The neural correlates of anhedonia in major depressive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 58:843–853

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kerr N et al (2003) Theory of mind deficits in bipolar affective disorder. J Affect Disord 73(3):253–259

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kohut H (1977) The restoration of the self. International Universities Press, New York. Deutsch (1979) Die Heilung des Selbst. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt/M

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolk van der BA McFarlane AC Weisaeth L (Hrsg) (2000) Traumatic Stress. Grundlagen und Behandlungsansätze. Junfermann Verlag, Paderborn

    Google Scholar 

  • Kratzsch S (2001) Depressionen: Erleben und Selbst in der depressiven Erkrankung. In: Milch W (Hrsg) Lehrbuch der Selbstpsychologie. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart, S 191–213

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar P, Waiter G, Ahearn T et al (2008) Abnormal temporal difference reward-learning signals in major depression. Brain 131:2084–2093

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kumari V, Mitterschiffthaler MT, Teasdale JD et al (2003) Neural abnormalities during cognitive generation of affect in treatment-resistant depression. Biol Psychiatry 54:777–791

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lamme VA (2001) Blindsight: the role of feedforward and feedback corticocortical connections. Acta Psychol (Amst) 107(1–3):209–228

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lamme VA (2004) Separate neural definitions of visual consciousness and visual attention; a case for phenomenal awareness. Neural Netw 17(5–6):861–872

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence NS, Williams AM, Surguladze S et al (2004) Subcortical and ventral prefrontal cortical neural responses to facial expressions distinguish patients with bipolar disorder and major depression. Biol Psychiatry 55:578–587

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenberg JD (1983) Psychoanalysis and infant research. The Analytic Press, Hillsdale, New York. Deutsch (1991) Psychoanalyse und Säuglingsforschung. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenberg JD (1987) Die Bedeutung der Säuglingsbeobachtung für die klinische Arbeit mit Erwachsenen. Z Psychoanal Theor Prax 2:123–145

    Google Scholar 

  • Liotti M, Mayberg HS, McGinnis S et al (2002) Unmasking disease-specific cerebral blood flow abnormalities: mood challenge in patients with remitted unipolar depression. Am J Psychiatry 159(11):1830–1840

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Loch W (1967) Psychoanalytische Aspekte zur Pathogenese und Struktur depressiv-psychotischer Zustandsbilder. Psyche 21:758–779

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maeng S, Zarate CA Jr (2007) The role of glutamate in mood disorders: results from the ketamine in major depression study and the presumed cellular mechanism underlying its antidepressant effects. Curr Psychiatry Rep 9:467–474

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maeng S, Zarate CA Jr, Du J et al (2008) Cellular mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effects of ketamine: role of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptors. Biol Psychiatry 63:349–352

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Malancharuvil JM (2004) Projection, introjection, and projective identification: a reformulation. Am J Psychoanal 64(4):375–382

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Masterman, DL, Cummings JL (1997) Frontal-subcortical circuits: the anatomic basis of executive, social and motivated behaviors. J Psychopharmacol 11(2):107–114

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mayberg H (2002) Depression, II: localization of pathophysiology. Am J Psychiatry 159:1979

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mayberg HS (2003a) Modulating dysfunctional limbic-cortical circuits in depression: towards development of brain-based algorithms for diagnosis and optimised treatment. Br Med Bull 65:193–207

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mayberg HS (2003b) Positron emission tomography imaging in depression: a neural systems perspective. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 13:805–815

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mayberg HS, Liotti M, Brannan SK et al (1999) Reciprocal limbic-cortical function and negative mood: converging pet findings in depression and normal sadness. Am J Psychiatry 156:675–682

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mayberg HS, Brannan SK, Tekell JL et al (2010) Regional metabolic effects of fluoxetine in major depression; serial changes and relationship to clinical response. Biol Psychiatry 48(8):830–843

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mazoyer B et al (2001) Cortical networks for working memory and executive functions sustain the conscious resting state in man. Brain Res Bull 54(3):287–298

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mentzos S (1995) Depression und Manie; Psychodynamik und Psychotherapie affektiver Störungen. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Zürich

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller A (1987) Zeitkurven. Ein Leben. Fischer, Frankfurt/M. Engl.: Timebends (1987). Grove Press, New York NY

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy FC et al (1999) Emotional bias and inhibitory control processes in mania and depression. Psychol Med 29:1307–1321

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy FC et al (2003) Functional neuroanatomy of emotions: a meta-analysis. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 3(3):207–233

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nagay Y et al (2004) Activity in ventromedial prefrontal cortex covaries with sympathetic skin conductance level: a physiological account of a "default mode" of brain function. Neuroimage 22(1):243–251

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nemeroff CB, Heim CM, Thase ME et al (2003) Differential responses to psychotherapy versus pharmacotherapy in patients with chronic forms of major depression and childhood trauma. PNAS 100:14293–14296

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Northoff G (2000) Das Gehirn: Eine neurophilosophische Bestandsaufnahme. Mentes-Verlag, Paderborn

    Google Scholar 

  • Northoff G (2002a) Catatonia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome: psychopathology and pathophysiology. J Neural Transm 109(12):1453–1467

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Northoff G (2002b) What catatonia can tell us about „top-down modulation: a neuropsychiatric hypothesis. Behav Brain Sci 25(5):555–577; discussion 578–604

    Google Scholar 

  • Northoff G (2004) Philosophy of the brain. The brain problem. John Benjamin Publishing, Amsterdam NLD

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Northoff G (2013) Unlocking the brain. Vol 2: Consciousness. Oxford University Press, Oxford GB

    Google Scholar 

  • Northoff G, Bermpohl F (2004) Cortical midline structures and the self. Trends Cogn Sci 8(3):102–107

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Northoff G, Böker H (2006) Principles of neuronal integration and defense mechanisms: neuropsychoanalytic hypothesis. Neuropsychoanalysis 8(1):69–84

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Northoff G, Eckert J, Fritze J (1997) Glutamatergic dysfunction in catatonia? Successful treatment of three acute akinetic catatonic patients with the NMDA antagonist amantadine. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 62:404–406

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Northoff G, Bogerts B, Baumgart F et al (2002) Orbitofrontal cortical dysfunction and „sensori-motor regression“: A combined study of fMRI and personal constructs in catatonia. Neuropsychoanalysis 4:149–175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Northoff G et al (2003) Emotional-behavioral disturbances in catatonia: A combined study of psychological self-evaluation and fMRI. Neuropsychoanalysis 3:151–167

    Google Scholar 

  • Northoff G, Heinzel A, Bermpohl F et al (2004) Reciprocal modulation and attenuation in the prefrontal cortex: An fMRI study on emotional-cognitive interaction. Human Brain Mapping 21(3):202–212

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Northoff G, Richter A, Bermpohl F et al (2005) NMDA hypofunction in the posterior cingulate as a model for schizophrenia: an exploratory ketamine administration study in fMRI. Schizophr Res 72(2–3):235–248

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Northoff G, Walter M, Schulte RF et al (2007) Gaba concentrations in the human anterior cingulate cortex predict negative BOLD responses in fMRI. Nature Neuroscience 10(12):1515–1517

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Panksepp J (1998a) Affective Neuroscience: the foundations of human and animal emotions. Oxford University Press, New York NY

    Google Scholar 

  • Panksepp J (1998b) The periconscious substrates of consciousness: affective states and the evolutionary origins of the self. J Consciousness Stud 5(5–6):566–582

    Google Scholar 

  • Paradiso S et al (1997) Cognitive impairment in the euthymic phase of chronic unipolar depression. J Nerv Ment Dis 185(12):748–754

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pessoa L, Ungerleider LG (2004) Neuroimaging studies of attention and the processing of emotion-laden stimuli. Prog Brain Res 144:171–182

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pessoa L et al (2002) Neural processing of emotional faces requires attention. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99(17):1158–1163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phan KL et al (2002) Functional neuroanatomy of emotion: a meta-analysis of emotion activation studies in PET and fMRI. Neuroimage 16(2):331–348

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips ML, Drevets WC, Rauch SL, Lane R (2003) Neurobiology of emotion perception II: Implications for major psychiatric disorders. Biol Psychiatry 54:515–528

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pizzagalli DA, Holmes AJ, Dillon DG et al (2009) Reduced caudate and nucleus accumbens response to rewards in unmedicated individuals with major depressive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 166(6):702–710

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Post RM (1992) Transduction of psychosocial stress into the neural biology of recurrent affective disorder. Am J Psychiatry 149:99–110

    Google Scholar 

  • Price CJ, Friston KJ (2002) Degeneracy and cognitive anatomy. Trends Cogn Sci 6(10):416–421

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Price JL, Drevets WC (2010) Neurocircuitry of mood disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 35(1):192–216

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Qin P, Northoff G (2011) How is our self related to midline regions and the default-mode network? NeuroImage 57:1221–1233

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raichle ME (2001) Cognitive neuroscience. Bold insights. Nature 412(6843):128–130

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raichle ME (2003) Functional brain imaging and human brain function. J Neurosci 23(10):3959–3962

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raichle, ME et al (2001) A default mode of brain function. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98(2):676–682

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rimes KA, Watkins E (2005) The effects of self-focused rumination on global negative self-judgments in depression. Behav Res Ther 43:1673–1681

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sajonz B, Kahnt T, Margulies DS et al (2010) Delineating self-referential processing from episodic memory retrieval: common and dissociable networks. Neuroimage 50(4):1606–1617

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Salvadore G, Cornwell BR, Colon-Rosario V et al (2009) Increased anterior cingulate cortical activity in response to fearful faces: a neurophysiological biomarker that predicts rapid antidepressant response to ketamine. Biol Psychiatry 65:289–295

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sanacora G (2010) Cortical inhibition, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and major depression: there is plenty of smoke but is there fire? Biol Psychiatry 67(5):397–398

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schilder P (1973) Entwurf zu einer Psychiatrie auf psychoanalytischer Grundlage. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt/M (Erstveröff. 1925)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt-Degenhard M (1983) Melancholie und Depression: Zur Problemgeschichte der depressiven Erkrankungen seit Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts. Psychiatrie, Neurologie, Klinische Psychologie. Grundlagen – Methoden – Ergebnisse. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Segal H (1956) Bemerkungen zur Symbolbildung. In: Both-Spillius E (Hrsg) Melanie Klein heute (Bd 1). Verlag Internat Psychoanalyse, München

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheline YI, Barch DM, Price JL et al (2009) The default mode network and self-referential processes in depression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106(6):1942–1947

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sheppard LC (2004) How does dysfunctional thinking decrease during recovery from major depression? J Abnorm Psychol 113(1):64–71

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shin LM et al (2005) A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex responses to overtly presented fearful faces in posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62(3):273–281

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smoski MJ, Felder J, Bizzell J et al (2009) fMRI of alterations in reward selection, anticipation, and feedback in major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 118(1–3):69–78

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stern H (1983) The early development of scheme of self, other, and „self with other“. In: Lichtenberg JD, Kaplan S (Hrsg) Reflections on self psychology. Analytic Press, Hillsdale NJ, S 49–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Stern DN (1985) The interpersonal world of the infant. Basic Books, New York. Deutsch (1992) Die Lebenserfahrung des Säuglings. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Stolorov RD (1986) On experiencing an object: a multi-dimensional perspective. In: Goldberg A (Hrsg) Progress in self-psychology, Vol II. The Analytic Press, Hillsdale NJS 273–279

    Google Scholar 

  • Surguladze SA, Young AW, Senior C et al (2005) Recognition accuracy and response bias to happy and sad facial expressions in patients with major depression. Neuropsychology 18:212–218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tellenbach H (1961) Melancholie. Zur Problemgeschichte, Typologie, Pathogenese und Klinik. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Tononi G, Edelman GM (2000) Schizophrenia and the mechanisms of conscious integration. Brain Res Rev 31(2–3):391–400

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Treynor W, Gonzalez R, Nolen-Hoeksema S (2003) Rumination reconsidered: A psychometric analysis. Cognitive Ther Res 27:247–259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walter M, Henning A, Grimm S et al (2009) The relationship between aberrant neuronal activation in the pregenual anterior cingulate, altered glutamatergic metabolism and anhedonia in major depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 66 (5):478–486

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wicker B et al (2003a) Both of us disgusted in My insula: the common neural basis of seeing and feeling disgust. Neuron 40(3):655–664

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wicker B et al (2003b) Being the target of another's emotion: a PET study. Neuropsychologia 41(2):139–146

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wicker B et al (2003c) A relation between rest and the self in the brain? Brain Res Rev 43(2):224–230

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wiebking C, Bauer A, de Greck M et al (2010) Abnormal body perception and neural activity in the insula in depression: an fMRI study of the depressed „material me“;. World J Biol Psychiatry 11(3):538–549

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiesel TN (1994) Genetics and behaviour. Science 264:16–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zarate CA Jr, Singh JB, Carlson PJ et al (2006) A randomized trial of an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist in treatment-resistant major depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 63:856–864

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Zentrum für Depressionen, Angsterkrankungen und Psychotherapie, Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik Zürich, Lenggstr. 31, CH-8032, Zürich, Schweiz

    Prof. Dr Heinz Böker

  2. Institute of Mental Health Research Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, University of Ottawa, 1145 Carling Avenue, Rm. 6435, K1Z 7K4, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Prof. Dr. Dr. Georg Northoff

Authors
  1. Prof. Dr Heinz Böker
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Prof. Dr. Dr. Georg Northoff
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Heinz Böker .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Zentrum für Depressionen, Angsterkrankungen und Psychotherapie, Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

    Heinz Böker

  2. Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie/Psychosomatik, Städtische Kliniken Frankfurt am Main-Höchst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Peter Hartwich

  3. Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada

    Georg Northoff

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Böker, H., Northoff, G. (2016). Depressive Syndrome. In: Böker, H., Hartwich, P., Northoff, G. (eds) Neuropsychodynamische Psychiatrie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47765-6_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47765-6_15

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-47764-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-47765-6

  • eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation