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Poverty Alleviation in China pp 159–200Cite as

The Development Direction of the Theory and Practice of the “China Model” of Poverty Alleviation in the New Era

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Abstract

Assessments of Chinese poverty alleviation policy have long been dominated by qualitative analysis, while relatively little quantitative and empirical analysis has been conducted. This section empirically estimates the poverty alleviation effects of urban and rural economic development from the perspective of the FGT poverty index and the crossover time index in order to analyze the effectiveness of poverty alleviation policies.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The summary of macro urban poverty policy references Zhang Jianhua’s (2010) research.

  2. 2.

    According to the poverty decomposition method proposed by Kakwani in 1997.

  3. 3.

    In order to facilitate international comparison, after comparing the poverty lines of a majority of low-income and high-income countries in 1985, the World Bank set US$1 and US$2 (actually US$1.02 and US$2.04) per person per day by PPP as the poverty lines for low- and high-income countries, respectively. In 1993, these were revised to US$1.08 and US$2.15.

  4. 4.

    The online software calculates China’s rural and urban poverty indices from 1980 to 2008 (http://www.worldbank.org/lism/povcal).

  5. 5.

    This indicator was presented by Watts in 1968.

  6. 6.

    Using Taloy’s starting point as the first approximation.

  7. 7.

    This conclusion differs from that of existing studies. Existing studies find that adjustments to the poverty line will significantly affect crossover time—a US$0.50 upward adjustment to the poverty line will triple the crossover time of the urban poor and cause the crossover time of the rural poor to increase by between three and five times.

  8. 8.

    China’s current real poverty line is US$2.15 in urban areas and US$1.05 in the countryside. The adjustment of the poverty lines from US$1 to US$1.5 and US$2 to US$2.50 is done to observe the sensitivity of poverty in China.

  9. 9.

    Asia Development Bank report: “Inequality in Asia,” 2008.

  10. 10.

    This study follows Liu Jian’s (2009) definition of social participation.

  11. 11.

    This study references Liu Jian’s (2009) categories of social participation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China

    Kun Yan

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  1. Kun Yan
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Appendix A: Poverty Measures in China 1981–2005

Appendix A: Poverty Measures in China 1981–2005

Rural

H (%)

PG (%)

SPG (%)

Watts

Gini (%)

Year

H1

H1.5

P1

P1.5

S1

S1.5

W1

W1.5

1981

5.95

24.56

1.06

5.66

0.35

1.87

0.0135

0.0723

24.73

1984

7.61

26.7

1.07

6.21

0.2

2.04

0.0128

0.0793

26.69

1985

10.74

32.31

1.93

8.24

0.48

2.99

0.0236

0.1068

27.12

1987

8.3

23.75

1.53

6.05

0.46

2.17

0.0177

0.0792

29.45

1990

16.35

44.8

3.05

12.1

0.79

4.53

0.0363

0.1592

30.57

1992

39.92

70.15

12.06

26.79

5.06

13.3

0.1657

0.3937

32.03

1993

22.31

54.9

4.85

16.1

1.48

6.49

0.0611

0.2161

32.13

1994

41.11

70.78

13.84

28.25

6.6

14.87

0.202

0.4358

33.84

1995

33.98

61.29

10.73

23.22

4.69

11.7

0.1502

0.3462

33.98

1996

8

27.92

1.23

6.49

0.31

2.04

0.0142

0.0819

33.62

1997

20.24

42.38

5.86

14.27

2.36

6.7

0.0763

0.21

33.12

1998

21.35

44.91

5.88

14.92

2.25

6.84

0.0747

0.2134

33.07

1999

9.84

29.76

1.65

7.32

0.44

2.43

0.0194

0.0935

35.39

2002

8.07

25.88

1.28

6.16

0.32

1.97

0.0141

0.0783

38.02

2005

9.7

8.47

0.24

1.44

0.063

0.39

0.0028

0.0161

35.85

Urban

H (%)

PG (%)

SPG (%)

Watts

Gini (%)

Year

H1

H1.5

P1

P1.5

S1

S1.5

W1

W1.5

1981

1.79

5.91

0.38

1

0.18

0.35

0.004

0.0132

18.46

1984

3.8

14.46

0.56

2.11

0.18

0.55

0.007

0.0247

17.79

1987

4.36

16.98

0.96

2.29

0.47

0.86

0.0106

0.0264

20.2

1990

20.21

35.33

4.21

8.86

1.39

3.14

0.0512

0.114

25.59

1992

13.41

28.44

2.66

6.21

0.96

2.17

0.0349

0.0788

24.17

1993

20.92

36

4.59

9.3

1.57

3.48

0.0576

0.1192

28.47

1994

18.87

32.17

4.28

8.47

1.52

3.24

0.0533

0.1096

29.22

1995

12.49

24.08

2.59

5.66

0.9

2.03

0.0322

0.072

28.27

1996

8.76

18.7

1.6

3.96

0.5

1.29

0.0197

0.0489

29.09

1997

6.94

15.13

1.36

3.23

0.48

1.1

0.0176

0.0396

29.35

1998

7.68

15.14

1.86

3.71

0.82

1.51

0.02

0.0452

29.94

1999

6.9

14.51

1.37

3.18

0.48

1.1

0.0176

0.0402

31.55

2002

3.1

7.23

0.69

1.54

0.3

0.58

0.0086

0.0209

33.46

2005

1.28

2.87

0.36

0.68

0.21

0.32

0.0039

0.0075

34.8

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Yan, K. (2016). The Development Direction of the Theory and Practice of the “China Model” of Poverty Alleviation in the New Era. In: Poverty Alleviation in China. Research Series on the Chinese Dream and China’s Development Path. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47392-4_5

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