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Applications for Drug Assays

  • Chapter
Book cover Electroanalysis in Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Part of the book series: Monographs in Electrochemistry ((MOEC))

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Abstract

The choice of an appropriate technique for the determination of a drug or a mixture of drug compounds is mainly governed by the sample matrix complexity, the analyte concentration, and the sample treatment time. Compared to optical, mass, and thermal methods, electrochemical techniques are especially attractive because they offer unique detection capabilities with remarkable selectivity and sensitivity for a moderate cost [1–17]. The final selection of an analytical technique depends on the intrinsic structure and physicochemical properties of the studied analyte. Potentiometric electrodes have been described for the selective determination of pharmaceuticals, but voltammetric methods are most generally developed due to their inherent high sensitivity and versatility provided that the studied drug compound is electroactive.

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Abbreviations

[Cu4(apyhist)4]4+ :

Cyclic-tetrameric copper (II) species containing the ligand (4 imidazolyl) ethylene-2-amino-1-ethylpyridine

5-HT:

5-Hydroxytriptamine (serotonin)

AC:

Alternating current

AChE:

Acetylcholinesterase

ACP:

Alternating current polarography

ACS:

Alumina-coated silica

ACV:

Alternating current voltammetry

AdSV:

Adsorptive stripping voltammetry

AgLAF-AgSAE:

Silver liquid amalgam film-silver solid amalgam annular band electrode

AgNPs:

Silver nanoparticles

AHNSA:

4-amino-3-hydroxynaphthalene sulfonic acid

ARS:

Alizarine Red S

ASV:

Adsorptive stripping voltammetry

BDDE:

Boron-doped diamond electrode

BPPGE:

Basal plane pyrolytic graphite electrode

CA:

Chronoamperometry

CAdSV:

Cathodic adsorptive stripping voltammetry

CC:

Chronocoulometry

CCE:

Carbon-ceramic electrode

CD:

Cyclodextrin

CDP:

Cyclodextrin prepolymer

CE:

Carbon electrode

CFME:

Carbon fiber microelectrode

CILE:

Carbon ionic liquid electrode

Cl:

Cardiolipin

CNF:

Carbon nanofiber

CNT:

Carbon nanotube

CNT-mer:

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes bearing terminal monomeric unit

CNTPE:

Carbon nanotube paste electrode

Co(DMG)2ClPy:

Chloro(pyridine)bis(dimethylglyoximato)cobalt(III)

CoHCNFe:

Cobalt hexacyanoferrate nanoparticles

CPC:

Controlled potential coulometry

CPE:

Carbon paste electrode

CP-TNMCPE:

Carbon paste electrode modified by meso-tetrakis(3-methylphenyl) cobalt porphyrin and TiO2 nanoparticles

CSV:

Cathodic stripping voltammetry

CTS CHIT:

Chitosan

CV:

Cyclic voltammetry

Cys:

Cysteine

D50wx2:

Dowex50wx2

DCP:

Direct current polarography

DDP:

3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone

DME:

Dropping mercury electrode

DMF:

Dimethyl formamide

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

DPAdASV:

Differential pulse adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry

DPAdCSV:

Differential-pulse adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry

DPAdSV:

Differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry

DPASV:

Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry

DPAV:

Differential pulse anodic voltammetry

DPE:

Diamond paste electrode

DPP:

Differential pulse polarography

DPSV:

Differential pulse stripping voltammetry

DPV:

Differential pulse voltammetry

dsDNA:

Double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid

DTPS SAM-ME:

Au DTPS self-assembled monolayer modified electrode

EBNBHCNPE:

2 2′-[1,2-ethanediylbis (nitriloethylidyne)]-bis-hydroquinone carbon nanotube paste electrode

ECD:

Electrochemical detection

EIS:

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

EMIMBF4 :

1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate

EPPGE:

Edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrode

ERGO:

Electrochemically reduced graphene oxide

FCDCNTPE:

Carbon nanotube paste electrode modified with ferrocene dicarboxylic acid

FCMCNTPE:

Ferrocene modified carbon nanotubes paste electrode

Fe (III)-SBMCPE:

Fe (III) schiff base modified carbon paste electrode

FeNAZ-CH:

Iron ion-doped natrolite zeolite

FFT CV:

Fast Fourier transform cyclic voltammetry

FIA:

Flow injection analysis

FSCV:

Fast scan cyclic voltammetry

GAMCS NPs:

Gold-aminomercaptothiadiazole core-shell nanoparticles

GCE:

Glassy carbon electrode

GCPE:

Glassy carbon paste electrode

GE AuE:

Gold electrode

GluOx:

Glutamate oxidase

GNMCPE:

Gold nanoparticles modified carbon paste electrode

GNP AuNP:

Gold nanoparticle

GNSs:

Graphene nanosheets

GO:

Graphene oxide

GPE:

Graphene paste electrode

GPGE:

Gold modified pencil graphite electrode

Gr GrO:

Graphene

GS:

Graphene sheets

GS-PTCA:

Graphene sheets and 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid

GSR:

Graphite silicone rubber

HMDE:

Hanging mercury drop electrode

HNCMS:

Hollow nitrogen-doped carbon microspheres

HRP HP:

Horseradish peroxidase

IL:

Ionic liquid

ITO:

Indium tin oxide

LAdCV:

Linear adsorptive cyclic voltammogram

LC:

Liquid chromatography

lcys:

l-cysteine

LOD:

Limit of detection

LOQ:

Limit of quantification

LSAdCSV:

Linear sweep adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry

LSP:

Linear sweep polarography

LSV:

Linear sweep voltammetry

m-AgSAE:

Mercury meniscus modified silver solid amalgam electrode

MCCE:

Modified carbon composite electrode

MCPE:

Modified carbon paste electrode

ME:

Mercury electrode

Me-CoSal:

Cobalt methyl salophen

MIP:

Molecularly imprinted polymer

MMT-Ca:

Montmorillonite-Ca

MRT:

Main residence time

MWCNT:

Multiwalled carbon nanotube

MWCNT-COOH cMWCNT:

Carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes

MWCNTILEE:

Multiwall carbon nanotubes ionic liquid electrode

MWCNTPE:

Multiwalled carbon nanotube paste electrode

NCPE:

Nafion-incorporated carbon paste electrode

NdHCF:

Neodymium hexacyanoferrate film

N-DHPBMCNTPE:

N-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)-3,5-dinitrobenzamide modified carbon nanotube paste electrode

Nf:

Nafion

NGCE:

Nafion-coated glassy carbon electrode

NiHCF-NP:

Nickel hexacyanoferrate nanoparticle

NiHCF-NP:

Nickel hexacyanoferrate nanoparticles

Ni-NP:

Nickel phosphate nanoparticles

NiONPs:

Nickel oxide nanoparticles

NIP:

Non-imprinted polymer

nPt-MWCNTPE:

Pt-nanoparticles modified multiwalled carbon nanotube paste electrode

NSAIDs:

Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs

o-MWCNT:

Oxidized multiwall carbon nanotube

OPG-CoPc:

Ordinary pyrolytic graphite-cobalt phthalocyanine

p-(AHNSA):

Poly(4-amino-3-hydroxynaphthalene sulfonic acid)

PAA:

Poly(acrylic) acid

p-ABA:

p-aminobenzoic acid

PA-MNPs:

PEGylated arginine functionalized magnetic nanoparticles

p-AMTa:

3-Amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole

PANI PA:

Polyaniline

p-APMCNTPE:

Multiwall carbon nanotubes paste electrode modified with p-aminophenol

p-CACNTPE:

p-chloranil-carbon nanotubes paste electrode

p-CAMCNTPE:

Carbon nanotubes paste electrode modified with p-chloranil

PCFE:

Nanocrystalline graphite-like pyrolytic carbon film electrode

PCPE:

Pseudo-carbon paste electrode

PdNPs:

Palladium nanoparticles

PDR-PGE:

Dendrimer modified disposable graphite electrode

PEDOT:

Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)

PFMCPE:

Polymer film modified carbon paste electrode

PGA:

Poly-glutamic acid

PGE:

Pencil graphite electrode

PIGE:

Paraffin wax impregnated graphite electrode

PMB:

Poly(methylene blue)

PMWCNTPE:

Pretreated multiwalled carbon nanotube paste electrode

PNT:

l-diphenylalanine nanotubes

PoAP:

poly(o-aminophenol)

poly(DA):

Diglycolic acid polymer

poly(PVC):

Poly(pyrocatechol violet)

Polyhis:

Polyhistidine

polyTTBA/PS:

Poly [2,2′:5′,2″-terthiophene-3′-(p-benzoic acid)] conducting polymer—phosphatidylserine

polyTTBA:

Carboxylic acid group-functionalized conducting polymer

PPGE:

Pretreated pencil graphite electrode

PSS:

poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate-co-acrylic acid)

PtE:

Platinum electrode

PVF:

Poly(vinylferrocenium)

PyCE:

Pyrolytic carbon electrodes

rGO:

Reduced graphene oxide

RTIL:

Room temperature ionic liquids

SBAP:

Poly(2-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]benzoic acid) film

SDS:

Sodium dodecyl sulfate

SiAlNb:

Sol–gel silica

SiC-NPs:

Silicon carbide nanoparticles

SMDE:

Static mercury drop electrode

SPCE:

Screen-printed carbon electrodes

SPE:

Screen-printed electrode

SPGCE:

Screen-printed glassy carbon electrode

SWAdASV:

Square wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry

SWAdCSV:

Square-wave adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry

SWAdSV:

Square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry

SWASV:

Square wave anodic stripping voltammetry

SWCNT:

Single walled carbon nanotube

SWP:

Square wave polarography

SWV:

Square wave voltammetry

TNGCE:

Tellurium-nanowire-coated glassy carbon electrodes

TP:

Tast polarography

Tyr:

Tyrosinase

ZCP:

Zero current potentiometry

ZnSNP:

ZnS nanoparticle

ZnTNP:

Zn-tetranaphthaloporphyrin

ZnTPP:

Zn-tetraphenyl porphyrin

ZnTSPP:

Zn-5,10,15,20-tetra(4-sulfophenyl)porphyrin

β-CD:

Beta-cyclodextrin

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Tandogan, Ankara, Ankara, Turkey

    Sibel A. Ozkan

  2. Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

    Jean-Michel Kauffmann

  3. Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York, USA

    Petr Zuman

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  1. Sibel A. Ozkan
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  2. Jean-Michel Kauffmann
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  3. Petr Zuman
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Ozkan, S.A., Kauffmann, JM., Zuman, P. (2015). Applications for Drug Assays. In: Electroanalysis in Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences. Monographs in Electrochemistry. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47138-8_9

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