Thermal Actuators

Abstract

Thermal actuators such as bimaterial, thermo-pneumatic, and a heated beam clamped at both ends are described, their characteristic curves are shown, and equations required for their calculation are presented. Besides this, it is shown how the dimensions of such actuators can be optimized with respect to maximum deflection, force, or energy output. A table lists the equations needed for calculating deflection, force, generated energy output, and efficiency of several arrangements of bimaterial actuators. Another table compares the typical properties of electrical, piezoelectric, thermal, and hydraulic actuators easing choosing the right actuator for a certain application.