Abstract
There is no standard definition of what constitutes a ‘smart city’. A common denominator is that a smart city is first and foremost a city – one that pushes the quality of resource management and service provision to the limit possible at the time. In such an integrated understanding of the smart city concept, smart city projects are part of a general concept of city modernisation. While the potential contribution and benefits of information and communication technology (ICT) to modernisation can be considerable, smart city projects should never be seen in isolation, but as one element in a city’s (or a region’s) continuous effort to find the next best way of operations.
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Notes
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Source: ‘Smart Cities Seoul: a case study’, ITU-T Technology Watch Report February 2013.
- 2.
Seoul Open Data Square, http://data.seoul.go.kr/index.jsp.
- 3.
LIVE Singapore! is a project of SENSEable City Lab and part of the Future Urban Mobility research initiative at the Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) and funded by the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Singapore.
- 4.
Gaming here refers to ‘gamification’, which is defined by Andrzej Marczewski as ‘The application of gaming metaphors to real life tasks to influence behaviour, improve motivation and enhance engagement’.
- 5.
In June 2013, Singapore’s Housing & Development Board signed a research collaboration agreement with European companies Electricite de France (EDF) and Veolia Environnement Recherche et Innovation.
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Source: Networked Society City Index – citizen perspective; Ericsson and Arthur D Little.
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Source: ‘A Planet of Civic Laboratories’, 2011 http://www.iftf.org/fileadmin/user_upload/downloads/IFTF_Rockefeller_CivicLaboratoriesMap.pdf.
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Rio + 20 is the short name for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, which took place in Rio de Janeiro in June 2012.
- 12.
Source: page 20, ‘Information Marketplaces: The New Economics of Cities’, the Climate Group | Arup | Accenture | Horizon|.
- 13.
Masdar City is a greenfield smart city project funded by the government of Abu Dhabi and administered by Masdar, a government-owned investment vehicle that manages projects to support the growth and economic diversification of Abu Dhabi.
- 14.
Source: page 33, ‘Financing Green Urban Infrastructure’, OECD Regional Development Working Papers 2012/10.
- 15.
Source: page 43, ‘Financing Green Urban Infrastructure’, OECD Regional Development Working Papers 2012/10.
- 16.
Source: ‘The Smart City Cornerstone: Urban Efficiency’, by Charbel Aoun, Schneider Electric.
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Smart Cities Stakeholder Platform, Finance Working Group, Guidance Document, Financing Models, For Smart Cities, Jorge Núñez Ferrer (Chair of Finance Group), June 2013.
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Source: ‘FINANCING LOCAL RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS: Encouraging private investment in Chicago’s energy future’, Mark Silberg.
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New Songdo City, located on a man-made island about 40 miles from Seoul, South Korea. Its overall development goal is ‘Compact, Smart and Green’. Plans are to emit only one-third the greenhouse gases of a similar-size city.
- 20.
Source: ‘South Korea: Busan Green u-City Smart City Builds on Cloud Services Delivered by Public-Private-Partnership’, GSMA Connected Living Programme.
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Source: page 34, ‘ Information Marketplaces: The New Economics of Cities’, the Climate Group | Arup | Accenture | Horizon|.
- 22.
Source: City & JCI Agree to Final Terms of Smart City 2.0 Initiative; http://www.evansville.in.gov/index.aspx?page=9&recordid=1558&returnURL=%2Findex.aspx%3Fpage%3D60.
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Source: Patrick Cerwall, director, Strategic Marketing and Intelligence, Ericsson, July 2013
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Source: page 35, ‘Information Marketplaces: The New Economics of Cities’, the Climate Group | Arup | Accenture | Horizon|.
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‘Navigant Research Leaderboard Report: Smart City Suppliers’, July 20013.
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Huawei positively invested in the smart city areas and made great achievements, it has been involved in the smart city planning and construction in more than 100 cities in more than 20 countries and gained the F&S Digital City solution innovation award and the outstanding provider of China City informationalization.
- 32.
‘Preparing the way for smart cities’ BSI; http://www.bsigroup.com/Documents/standards/case-studies/BSI-supporting-innovation-smart-cities-case-studies-UK-EN.pdf.
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Source: TOD standard, printed June 2013, ITDP.
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Source: ‘CESI contribution on possible work on Smart Cities in JTC 1’, May 28 2013, http://isotc.iso.org/livelink/livelink/open/jtc1swg3.
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The structural hierarchy of the administrative divisions of the People’s Republic of China comprises 5 levels: provincial, prefecture, county, township and village.
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http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/studies/pdf/citiesoftomorrow/citiesoftomorrow_final.pdf. An overview on the EU’s urban development activities under the ‘Cities of Tomorrow’ headline can be found there.
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China Academy of Information and Communications Technology., EU-China Policy Dialogues Support Facility II. (2016). Smart City Trends and Developments. In: Comparative Study of Smart Cities in Europe and China 2014. Current Chinese Economic Report Series. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46867-8_2
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