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Basics of Developmental Disorders of Speech and Language

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Phoniatrics I

Part of the book series: European Manual of Medicine ((EUROMANUAL))

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Abstract

The development of speech and language from infancy to around 4 years of age is a central issue and thus a useful indicator of a child’s overall development. Any impairment in this critical period may negatively affect the child’s future development and affect the verbal cognitive development, the individual’s ability to communicate, school attainment, psychosocial development, vocal well-being and quality of life. Learning language depends on learning grammar (a knowledge- and rule-based system); learning speech depends on learning which sounds are used in a language, involving sound production, perception and organization. Regular speech-language development in monolingual children proceeds in stages with regularities with respect to time and content. Knowledge of these milestones of the typical language development seen in context with cognitive, auditory, motoric, psycho-emotional and general development of a child is a prerequisite to recognizing developmental language delays or disorders. Developmental disorders of speech and language (DDSL) are common diseases. Prevalence numbers are mostly reported from 6 to 8%. They affect boys twice as frequently as girls and all languages a child speaks. For their diagnosis they have to be differentiated from other disorders or functional abnormalities, which may mimic DDSL symptoms, as well as from sociogenically caused language abnormalities.

DDSL may be subdivided into specific DDSL (SDDSL; synonym: specific language impairment), and DDSL associated with language-relevant comorbidities. Prevalence of SDDSL is reported mostly from 5 to 8%.

This chapter presents typical language development and the definition, epidemiology, aetiology, pathophysiology, symptoms and differential diagnoses of DDSL.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinic of Phoniatrics and Pedaudiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany

    Antoinette am Zehnhoff-Dinnesen & Sabrina Regele

  2. Division of Phoniatrics-Logopedics, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria

    Doris-Maria Denk-Linnert

  3. ENT Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

    Mona Hegazi

  4. Voice Care Center Bad Rappenau, Bad Rappenau, Germany

    Annerose Keilmann

  5. Phoniatrics/Pediatric Audiological Psychology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

    Christiane Kiese-Himmel

  6. Department of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, ENT Clinic, St. Elisabeth Hospital, University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany

    Katrin Neumann

  7. Department of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

    Rainer Schönweiler

  8. Department of Child Neurology, 2nd Medical School of Charles University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

    Eva Seemanova

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Clinic of Phoniatrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany

    Antoinette am Zehnhoff-Dinnesen

  2. Department of Phoniatrics and Audiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

    Bozena Wiskirska-Woznica

  3. St. Elisabeth-Hospital, Abt. für Phoniatrie und Pädaudiologie, Ruhr University Bochum HNO-Universitätsklinik, Bochum, Germany

    Katrin Neumann

  4. Klinik für Audiologie und Phoniatrie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany

    Tadeus Nawka

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am Zehnhoff-Dinnesen, A. et al. (2020). Basics of Developmental Disorders of Speech and Language. In: am Zehnhoff-Dinnesen, A., Wiskirska-Woznica, B., Neumann, K., Nawka, T. (eds) Phoniatrics I. European Manual of Medicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46780-0_9

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