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Basics of Phoniatrics

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Phoniatrics I

Abstract

This historical review covers the scientific background of the discipline as reflected in documents from antiquity, the Renaissance, the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries and the twentieth century up to present times.

Developmental and anatomical backgrounds of Communication and Swallowing Disorders are presented by means of a diversity of anatomical and embryological figures and schemes.

After describing acoustic and psychoacoustic principles and their relevance for sound processing in the auditory system, a detailed overview of the physiology of hearing is provided.

Biomechanics and aerodynamics of voice are explained and complemented by aspects of room acoustics and voice ergonomics.

Basic notions about music, including its characteristics, musical notation and terminology, are explained to provide an understanding of the close relationship between speech, hearing and vocal emission in music. Basic knowledge is presented of musicians’ medicine, comprising the prevention, diagnostics and therapy of health problems of singers and musicians, followed by a discourse on science-based singing pedagogy.

Acoustics of speech is presented in terms of sound sources and the acoustic transfer function of the vocal tract. Models of the supraglottal articulatory system are introduced, and their applications in phoniatrics are discussed.

A neurolinguistic review describes the classic view of language localisation in the brain, reports modern neurobiological models of language processing and refers to developmental aspects of language localisation in the brain, by considering the interaction of language and associated cognitive processes. Factors influencing the process of language development are discussed, and therapeutic options are presented.

Neuroimaging methods are summarised in the light of the relevance to the diagnostic routine of the phoniatric speciality.

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1 Electronic Supplementary Material

Audio Sample 1.1

Singing voice is demonstrated by a passage from Pamina’s Aria in ‘Die Zauberflöte’ sung without accompaniment in a studio. Singing voice, original recording (MP3 1367 kb)

Audio Sample 1.2

Singing voice is demonstrated by a passage from Pamina’s Aria in ‘Die Zauberflöte’ sung without accompaniment in a studio. Singing voice, in a dry room (MP3 1367 kb)

Audio Sample 1.3

Singing voice is demonstrated by a passage from Pamina’s Aria in ‘Die Zauberflöte’ sung without accompaniment in a studio. Singing voice, in a room with medium reverberation time (MP3 1367 kb)

Audio Sample 1.4

Singing voice is demonstrated by a passage from Pamina’s Aria in ‘Die Zauberflöte’ sung without accompaniment in a studio. Singing voice, in a wet room with long reverberation time (MP3 1367 kb)

Audio Sample 1.5

Running speech is demonstrated by the standard text ‘Der Nordwind Und Die Sonne’ (The North Wind and the Sun) recorded in a studio under the same conditions as the aria passage. Running speech, original recording (MP3 1980 kb)

Audio Sample 1.6

Running speech is demonstrated by the standard text ‘Der Nordwind Und Die Sonne’ (The North Wind and the Sun) recorded in a studio under the same conditions as the aria passage. Running speech, in a dry room (MP3 1980 kb)

Audio Sample 1.7

Running speech is demonstrated by the standard text ‘Der Nordwind Und Die Sonne’ (The North Wind and the Sun) recorded in a studio under the same conditions as the aria passage. Running speech, in a room with medium reverberation time (MP3 1980 kb)

Audio Sample 1.8

Running speech is demonstrated by the standard text ‘Der Nordwind Und Die Sonne’ (The North Wind and the Sun) recorded in a studio under the same conditions as the aria passage. Running speech, in a wet room with long reverberation time (MP3 1980 kb)

Audio Sample 1.9

Synthesised speech (German), “Hallo, wie geht es dir?” (MP3 120 kb)

Audio Sample 1.10

Synthesised speech (German), “Lea und Doreen mögen Bananen” (MP3 120 kb)

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Bartha-Doering, L. et al. (2020). Basics of Phoniatrics. In: am Zehnhoff-Dinnesen, A., Wiskirska-Woznica, B., Neumann, K., Nawka, T. (eds) Phoniatrics I. European Manual of Medicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46780-0_1

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