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Fluorescence

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Modern Optical Spectroscopy

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Abstract

We have seen that light can excite molecules from their ground states to states with higher energies and can stimulate downward transitions from excited states to the ground state. But excited molecules also decay to the ground state even when the light intensity is zero. The extra energy of the excited molecule can be radiated as fluorescence, transferred to another molecule, or dissipated to the surroundings as heat. In this chapter we consider fluorescence. We discuss the Einstein coefficients, Stokes shifts, the Strickler-Berg equation and other relationships between absorption and fluorescence, fluorescence lifetimes and yields, fluorescent probes and tags for macromolecules, photobleaching, fluorescence anisotropy, single-molecule fluorescence measurements, and high-resolution fluorescence microscopy. This chapter also examines the quantum theory of absorption and emission, introduces creation and annihilation operators, and develops expressions for the rate of intermolecular electron transfer, the main process that competes with fluorescence in many cases.

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    William W. Parson

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Parson, W.W. (2015). Fluorescence. In: Modern Optical Spectroscopy. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46777-0_5

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