Abstract
This chapter records the maturation of mutually-aimed US and Chinese warlike preparations under the Barack Obama and Xi Jinping leaderships. Powered by America’s determined efforts to perpetuate systemic primacy and China’s vow to extend its strategic autonomy, the consolidation of US-led coalition-building and Beijing’s efforts at a potential military ‘break-out’, demonstrated the capacity of the maritime, space and cyber realms to fuel competition, and the ambiguous outcomes of North Korea’s disruptive challenges. The chapter reveals the conflicted duality of robust pursuits of primacy-vs.-parity on the one hand, and high-level diplomacy as an instrument of non-violently crafting a transitional equilibrium on the other. It points to fluidity at the systemic core triggering uncertainty as secondary powers ‘hedge-and-engage’, lubricating strategic dynamics to dangerous levels.
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Ibid
Ibid
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Ibid
Ibid
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Ibid
AFPS (2013) Obama, Xi discuss military-to-military relations, cybersecurity. Washington, 8 June 2013
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DoD (2013) Post-ASEAN Defense Ministers meeting-plus press conference. Bandar Seri Begawan, 29 August 2013
DoD (2013) Joint Press conference with Secretary Hagel and Minister Hishamuddin. Kuala Lumpur, 25 August 2013
Hagel C (2013) Speech at the Malaysian Institute of Defense and Security. DoD, Kuala Lumpur, 25 August 2013
Ibid
DoD (2013) Remarks by Secretary Hagel and Minister of Defense Purnomo to Indonesian troops. Jakarta, 26 August 2013
DoD (2013) Press conference by Secretary Hagel and Secretary Gazmin in the Philippines. Manila, 30 August 2013
Defence ministers from ASEAN-states, Australia, China, Japan, India, Republic of Korea, New Zealand, Russia and the United States
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Gompert D, Kelly T (2013) US, China and an unthinkable war. RAND, Santa Monica
Dobbins J (2013) In: Gompert D (ed) Sea power and American interests in the Western Pacific. RAND, Santa Monica, pp iii–iv
Work R (2014) Speech at NDU Convocation. DoD, Washington, 5 August 2014
Gompert D (2013) Sea Power and American interests in the Western Pacific. RAND, Santa Monica, p xi
Ibid. xii
Ibid. xiii
Ibid. 135–136
Ibid. 136
Gates R (2010) The New START Treaty. S. HRG.111-738. Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 18 May 2010, p 44
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Barnes D (2013) Putin eying precision conventional weapons as nuclear substitutes. Defense One, 3 December 2013
Reuters (2014) China confirms hypersonic missile carrier test. Beijing, 16 January 2014
Gertz B (2014) Report reveals Chinese military developing new scramjet-powered hypersonic missile. WFB, 9 July 2014
Slavin E (2014) On land and sea, China’s nuclear capability growing. Stars and Stripes, 26 August 2014; Gertz B (2013) China conducts another mobile ICBM test. WFB, 14 August 2013
Xenakis J (2013) China conducts flight-test of DF-41 long-range nuclear-capable missile. Breitbert, 23 December 2013
Gertz B (2012) Ready to launch. WFB, 21 August 2012; Conroy C (2013) China’s ballistic-missile submarines: how dangerous? NI, 18 November 2013
Report (2014) China’s newest fighter-jet J-16 revealed online. Want China Times, 5 January 2014
Report (2014) Work on new Chinese aircraft carrier reportedly underway. NYT, 20 January 2014; LaGrone (2014) China wants a four carrier navy, maybe. USNI News, 22 January 2014
Chen S (2014) Shanghai to San Francisco in 100 minutes by Chinese supersonic submarine. SCMP, 24 August 2014
Yoon S (2014) Is Xi Jinping reshaping the PLA? RSIS, Singapore. 21 January 2014
Bowman T (2013) China’s military buildup reignites worries in Asia, beyond. NPR, 5 December 2013
AFNS (2013) CSAF concludes counterpart visit. Hong Kong, 2 October 2013
Garamone (2013) Air force leader discusses opening communication with China. AFPS, Washington, 13 November 2013
Hebert A (2014) Speaking softly and carrying a big stick. Air Force Magazine, January 2014, p 4
Blechman B et al (2013) Strategic agility: strong national defense for today’s global and fiscal realities. Stimson, Washington, September 2013, p 11
Ibid
Ibid. 13
Aylward R (2013) US, China conduct counter-piracy exercise. US Navy, 25 August 2013. The first joint non-interoperational drill was held in 2012
Xinhua (2013) China, US hold joint naval drill near Hawaii. 10 September 2013
Report (2013) Chinese and US troops in Hawaii for joint drill. GT, 13 November 2013
Mathieson R (2013) Chinese troops drill in Hawaii as military ties deepen with US. Bloomberg, 11 November 2013
DoS (2013) Joint Statement of the Security Consultative Committee. Washington, 3 October 2013
Perlez J, Cochrane J (2013) Obama’s absence leaves China as dominant force at Asia-Pacific Meeting. NYT, 7 October 2013; Chong F (2013) Charming: Xi Bears goodwill at Bali. Asia Today, 10 October 2013
Williams C (2013) Obama’s absence at Asia-Pacific summits lets China dominate. LAT, 10 October 2013; VoA (2013) China concerned about possible US debt default. 10 October 2013; Xinhua (2013) Chinese premier pledges enhancing China, US communication, coordination. Bandar Seri Begawan, 10 October 2013; Woodley N (2013) What mattered most about the 8th East Asia Summit in Brunei? ABC News, 11 October 2013
USCC (2013) Annual report to congress. Washington, November, pp 397–402
Miles D (2014) Cavalry rotational deployment supports Asia-Pacific rebalance. AFPS, Washington, 7 January 2014
Orchard A (2013) First P-8A Poseidons Report for Duty. US 7th Fleet, Misawa, 2 December 2013; Fellman S (2014) 2 destroyers heading to Hawaii in summer home-port shift. Navy Times, 8 January 2014
Hagel C (2013) Remarks to sailors onboard DDG.1000. Bath, 21 November 2013
Locker R (2014) Pentagon on watch for disruptive technology worldwide. USA Today, 9 January 2014
Xinhua (2013) China dismisses US naval report. Beijing, 21 November 2013
Xinhua (2013) Statement by the government of the PRC on establishing the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone. Beijing, 23 November 2013
Ibid
Hagel C (2013) Statement on the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone. DoD, Washington, 23 November 2013
Kerry J (2013) Statement on the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone. DoS, Washington, 23 November 2013
Xinhua (2013) China has ‘full capacity’ to monitor ADIZ: FM. Beijing, 14 December 2013
DoD (2013) Readout of secretary Hagel’s call with Japan Defense Minister Onodera. Washington, 27 November 2013
Kyodo (2013) Japan, US share ‘strong concern’ over China’s air defense zone. Tokyo, 27 November 2013
AFP (2013) China denounces ‘Slanderous’ Air Zone remarks by Japan PM. Defense News, 15 December 2013
Harlan C (2013) South Korea will extend its air defense zone, Defense Ministry says. WP, 8 December 2013
Chang JS (2013) South Korea demands China redraw air defense zone. Yonhap, Seoul, 28 November 2013
MoD (Japan) (2013) NDPG. Tokyo, p 1
Ibid. 2
Ibid. 3–6; MEA (2014) Joint Statement on the occasion of Official Visit of the Prime Minister of Japan to India. New Delhi, 25 January 2014
Thayer C (2014) A maritime test of strength. Security Times, 31 January 2014; Sieg L, Takenaka K (2013) Japan to bolster military, boost Asia ties to counter China. Reuters, Tokyo, 17 December 2013; Schearf D (2013) Japan ups military spending amid China dispute. VoA, Seoul, 17 December 2013
Report (2013) China resolutely opposes Japan’s announcement of national security strategy. ChinaMil, Beijing, 23 December 2013; AFP (2014) Japan vows defence as China ships near disputed isles. Tokyo, 12 January 2014
Xinhua (2013) China scathing on Abe’s Yasukuni visit. Beijing, 26 December 2013; Report (2013) Abe’s Yasukuni visit stirs hornet’s nest in Beijing, Seoul. Asahi Shimbun, 27 December 2013
Cui T (2014) Shinzo Abe risks ties with China in tribute to war criminals. WP, 10 January 2014
MoD (2014) White Paper. Tokyo, Part I, pp 4–5
White House (2013) Background briefing by Senior Administration Officials on Vice President Joe Biden’s Trip to Asia. Tokyo, December 3(a)
Ibid. (2013) Remarks to the Press by Vice President Joe Biden and Prime Minister Shinzo Abe of Japan. Tokyo, December 3(b)
Ibid
Xinhua (2013) China urges US to respect ADIZ. Beijing, 5 December 2013
Nakamura D (2013) Biden opens visit to China aimed at easing tensions in Northeast Asia. WP, 4 December 2013
White House (2013) Remarks by Vice President Joe Biden and President Xi Jinping of the PRC. Beijing, 4 December 2013
Ibid
Ibid. (2013) Remarks by the Vice President at a Breakfast with the American Chamber of Commerce and the US-China Business Council. Beijing, 5 December 2013
Ibid (2014) Remarks by the President on review of signals intelligence. Washington, January 17(b)
Ibid. (2013) Remarks by the Vice President at a Breakfast with the American Chamber of Commerce and the US–China Business Council. Beijing, 5 December 2013
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Ali, S.M. (2015). Strategic Competition in a Globalised World. In: US-China Strategic Competition. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46660-5_5
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