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Springer Handbook of Electrochemical Energy pp 801–834Cite as

Advanced Extractive Electrometallurgy

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Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

This chapter starts with a brief introduction of current technologies for metal extraction via chemical and electrochemical means. A focus is given to recent research and development of new methods for titanium extraction. The chapter is then devoted to describing the principle and methodology of the more recently proposed Fray–Farthing–Chen (GlossaryTerm

FFC

) Cambridge process, which is a molten salt-assisted solid-state electrochemical reduction process. Typical examples are highlighted for application of the FFC Cambridge process for extraction of titanium, silicon and other metals, and also the production of various metal alloys, and the related development of fundamental understanding of the proposed in situ reduction routes from physical, chemical, and electrochemical points of view. The unique ability of the FFC Cambridge process for near-net-shape production of metallic components directly from their metal oxide precursors is also discussed.

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Abbreviations

3PI:

three-phase interline

BHP:

Broken Hill proprietary

BSE:

back-scattered electron

CO:

carbon monoxide

Cr2O3 :

chromium oxide

CV:

cyclic voltammetry

EDX:

energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy

EMR:

electronically mediated reaction

FE:

field emission

FFC:

Fray–Farthing–Chen

GTT:

Ginatta Technologie Titanio

MCE:

metallic cavity electrode

MER:

materials and electrochemical research

MG-Si:

metallurgical-grade-silicon

MSE:

molten salt electrolysis

PRS:

porosity ratio shrinkage

QIT:

Quebec iron and titanium

SEM:

scanning electron microscopy

SoG:

solar-cell-grade

SOM:

solid oxide membrane

TiC:

titanium carbide

XRD:

x-ray diffraction

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, 315100, Ningbo, China

    Di Hu & George Z. Chen

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  1. Di Hu
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  2. George Z. Chen
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  1. Dept. Mechanical Engineering, TU Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 14, 01062, Dresden, Germany

    Cornelia Breitkopf

  2. Chemistry Division, US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave., DC 20375, Washington, USA

    Karen Swider-Lyons

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Hu, D., Chen, G.Z. (2017). Advanced Extractive Electrometallurgy. In: Breitkopf, C., Swider-Lyons, K. (eds) Springer Handbook of Electrochemical Energy. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46657-5_25

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46657-5_25

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